Joints (8)

Terms	Definitions
Articulations	where two or more bones meet
Functional Classification of Joints	(1) Synarthroses (Immovable) (2) Amphiarthrosis (Slightly movable) (3) Diarthroses (Fully movable)
gomphosis	ligaments that hold tooth in bony socket, immovable joint,
Structural Classification of Joints	(1) Fibrous: (bone ends united by collagen) sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses (2) Cartilaginous: (bones united by cartilage) synchondrosis, symphyses, synovial joints
Types of synovial joints	Planar, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Ball & Socket, Condyloid/Ellipsoid
Flexion, Extension, Hypertension	Flexion- bent knee Extension-extend knee Hypertension-bring leg back
Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction	Abduction-arms out Adduction-arms in
Rotation, Lateral rotation, Medial rotation	Rotation- twisting Lateral rotation- twisting out Medial rotation- twisting in
Pronation, Supination	Pronation-palm down Supination- palm up
Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion	Dorsiflexion- heel down toes up Plantar flexion- toes pointed down
Inversion, Eversion	Inversion-foot in Eversion-foot out
Protraction, Retraction	Protraction- chin forward Retraction- chin back
Elevation, Depression	Elevation-shoulders up Depression- shoulders down
Opposition	Opposition- thumb and index finger pinch. "OK"
Factors influencing Joint stability	(1) Shape of articular surface (2) Ligaments (3) Muscle tone
Disorders and Imbalances: Sprain	Sprain type 1- stretched ligament Sprain type 2- ligaments torn slightly Sprain type 3- ligaments torn completely
Lyme disease	deer ticks, bullseye rash, joint disease
Osteoarthritis	Degenerative joint disease, non-inflammatory, only cartilage affected, deterioration of cartilage produces bone spurs and restricts movements, pain upon awakening and lessens with movement.
Gouty Arthritis	Uric acid crystals build up in joints-pain. waste products of metabolism build up and deposited in cartilage causing inflammation and swelling. bones fuse.
Rheumatoid arthritis	Autoimmune disorder, cartilage attacked by immune system, inflammation and swelling, pain, joint fusion
Arthroscopy	examination of joint, small instrument, remove torn knee cartilage, small incisions
Arthroplasty	replacement of joint, total hip replaces acetablum and head of femur, plastic socket and metal head, knee replacement.
R.I.C.E.	Treating a sprain: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
(top to bottom) clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, phalanges, metacarpals, femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
cranial bones: lateral
cranial bones: lateral labeled
cranial bone: posterior
cranial bone: posterior labeled
cranial bone: inferior
cranial bone:inferior labeled
carpal bones
tarsal bones
kyphosis	name vertebral disorder
scoliosis	name vertebral disorder
lordosis	name vertebral disorder
what is the difference between the appendicular and axial skeleton?	the Axial lines the axis and the Appendicular include the appendages of the skeleton
What is a fontanel?	a fibrous connective tissue in the fetal skeleton, before fusing.
Weight bearing vertebrae are called?	Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Which vertebrae has transverse foramen?	Cervical Vertebrae (7)
What 7 bones make up the orbit of the eye?	Ethmoid, Palatine, Sphenoid, Frontal, Lacrimal, Maxilla and Zygomatic
Which bones are the keystone to the facial bones and the keystone to the cranial bones?	Facial keystone: Maxilla Cranial keystone: Sphenoid
Where on the clavicle is the weakest spot and most likely to be broken?	the middle.
List 3 functions of sinuses.	Warm and moisten air, lighten the skull, enhance voice resonance.
knee joint	name.
knee joint: labeled
knee
knee:labeled