| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Histones | DNA is wrapped around proteins |
| Nucleosomes | histones froming beadlike units |
| Chromatin | a eukaryotic chromosome contains strings of nueclesomes bound to proteins in a complex |
| Centromere | where the replicated chromatids are held together at the centromere |
| Prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus |
| Prometaphase | the second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids. |
| Metaphase | the stage in mitosis or meiosis in which the duplicated chromosomes line up along the equatorial plate of the spindle |
| Anaphase | the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles |
| Telophase | the final stage of meiosis when the chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle |
| Cohesin | protein complex which holds sister chromatids together |
| Equatorial plate | the middle region of the cell where the chromatids form to separate. |
| Spindle | (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division |
| Daughter chromosomes | separated sister chromatids |
| Asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete |
| haploid | (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes |
| fertilization | creation by the physical union of male and female gametes |
| diploid zygote | combination of egg and sperm to make an embryo |
| karyotupe | picture of an organism's chromosome |
| Meiosis I | the first phase of meiosis where homolygous chromsomes are separated, and the cells split in half |
| Meiosis II | the second phase of meiosis consisting of chromatids separating, along with the two diploid cells splitting in two |
| Synapsis | the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis |
| Tetrad | structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis |
| chiasmata | a point of overlap of paired chromatids at which fusion and exchange of genetic material occurs during prophase I of meiosis |
| Crossing over | the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis |
| Independent assortment | the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
| nondisjunction | meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate |
| aneuploidy | an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete) |
| apoptosis | a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself |
| caspases | a family of cysteine-dependent, aspartate-specific proteases that are associated with apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace