| Term | Definition |
| Shadow | an area where direct light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object |
| Penumbra | a fringe region of partial shadow around an umbra |
| Umbra | a region of complete shadow resulting from total obstruction of light |
| Hypotenuse | the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle |
| Isosceles triangle | a triangle with two equal sides |
| Equilateral triangle | a triangle with three equal sides |
| Pythagorean theorem | a²+b²=c² |
| Right angle | a 90 degree angle |
| Similar triangles | triangles that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size. |