AP US History Chapter 1
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 corn cultivation | corn began to transform nomadic hunting bands into settled agricultural villagers based on the places corn was planted |
| Pueblos | "village" in Spanish, Pueblo people in the Rio Grande valley constructed intricate irrigation systems to water their cornfields |
| Mound Builders | These people built huge ceremonial and burial mounds and were located in the Ohio Valley. Cahokia, near East St. Louis today, held 40,000 people. |
| Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee | people that used a clever farming technique that produced some of the highest population densities on the continent |
| Iroquois | created the closest North American approximation to the great nation-states of Mexico and Peru |
| culture | the arts and manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively |
| population patterns | show where people live in one area |
| Scandinavia | Norse seafarers arrived at North America on A.D. 1000, but no strong nation-state supported these voyagers so their settlements were abandoned and their discovery was forgotten expect in Scandinavian saga and song |
| Crusaders | Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries that fought for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| role of Asian luxuries | were made costly that purchasers and profits alike were narrowly limited; it caused European consumers and distributors to find a less expensive route to the riches of Asia |
| Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler in which his accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade |
| Africa | Europeans wanted to travel there because they have heard about the tales of African gold but they would unable to directly access Africa to obtain the gold |
| Portugal | navigators sailed to the West African coast to set up trading posts along the coast for the purchase of gold and slaves which caused the Arab merchants and Africans to routinely charge higher prices for the slaves from distant sources |
| Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 sailed in the southernmost tip of the " Dark Continent" because of how the seafaring Portuguese pushed to keep on searching for the water route in Asia |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer who in 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India and returned home with some cargo of jewels and spices |
| Spain | a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula |
| catalysts | Europeans clamored for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean which would shift the history of the entire world |
| Columbus' first voyage | Columbus discovered San Salvador, Juana, and Hispaniola in this voyage |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |
| Vasco Nunez Balboa | hailed as discoverer of Pacific Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan | started at Spain with five ships in 1519, went through the stormy strait near South America but was slain by people from the Philippines, only one vessel made it home in 1522 which showed he was the first to sail around the world |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | explored Florida and thought that he saw an island containing gold but instead was killed by an Indian arrow |
| Francisco Coronado | went on a quest for golden cities that turned out to be adobe pueblos that wandered through Arizona and New Mexico, his expedition discovered two awesome natural wonders which were the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River and enormous herds of buffalo |
| Francisco Pizarro | conqueror that crushed the Incas of Peru in 1532 and obtained a huge booty to Spanish coffers |
| role of New World bullion | helped transform the world economy , paid for much of the burgeoning international trade with Asia whose sellers had little use for any European good except silver |
| West Indies effect on native populations | islands of the Caribbean Sea served as offshore bases for the staging of the Spanish invasion of the mainland Americas, the supplies could be stored and men and horse could be rested before proceeding to the conquest of the continents |
| Encomienda system | allowed the government to commend or give Indians to certain colonists in return for the promise to try to Christianize them |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish missionary that called the encomienda "moral pestilence invented by Satan" |
| Herman Cortes | set sail from Cuba with 16 fresh horses and several hundred men aboard eleven ships bound for Mexico and for destiny, he rescued a Spanish castaway who had been enslaved for several years by the Mayan speaking Indians on the island of Cozumel |
| Malinche | interpreter that learned Spanish and was baptized with the Spanish name of Dona Marina |
| conquest of Tenochtitlan | Cortes heard of the gold and other wealth stored up in the legendary Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan |
| role of Montezuma | Aztec chieftain sent ambassadors to carry famous gifts to welcome the approaching Spaniards including Cortes |
| small pox | Spanish rule attacked the Aztec while at the same time the disease also attacked the Aztecs which wiped out nearly the whole population |
| small pox effects | it wiped out nearly the whole Spanish population, temples of Tenochtitlan were destroyed to make way for the Christian cathedrals of Mexico City |
| Spanish America population | 160,000 |
| Spanish America culture | Indians adopted Christianity but they also lost contact with their native culture |
| Intrusion of other powers | other powers searched around to get their share of the promised wealth of the new lands |
| Spanish fortification | Spanish built a fortress at St. Augustine, Florida in 1565 which founded the oldest inhabited European settlement in the future United States |
| Spanish role of religion | Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed tons of priests and Spanish settlers during the Pope's Rebellion in 1680, the Indians then built a ceremonial religious chamber in order to New Mexico from the insurrectionary Indians |
| presence in North America | Spanish established settlements in Texas to defend from the French, Father Junipero Serra founded at San Diego the first of twenty- one missions that wound up the coast |
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