Chapter 5 Set 1
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Created by:
jamnurse Plus on June 8, 2012
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 metabolism | ___ is the sum of all chemical reactions; a balancing act between acquiring & using energy; 2 types: catabolic & metabolic. |
| catabolic | ___ metabolism breaks bonds & releases energy from more complex molecules (exergonic), and are generally hydrolytic reactions. |
| exergonic | ___ is accompanied by the release of energy. |
| catabolic, anabolic | ___ reactions provide the building blocks for, and generate the energy / ATP to drive, ___ reactions. |
| catabolizes | ATP ___ and forms ADP + P + energy released as heat |
| anabolic | ___ metabolism forms bonds & requires energy to build more complex molecules (endogonic), and are generally dehydration synthesis reactions. |
| anabolizes | ADP + P + energy ___ and forms ATP. |
| coupled | all metabolic reactions are ___. |
| coupled | ___ is a reactions that occurs back to back. |
| made, spent | energy is ___ then ___. |
| ATP, energy | glucose breaks down into ___, which immediately breaks down into ADP + P, which is the ___ we use. |
| proteins | ___ are broken down into amino acids. |
| carbohydrates | ___ are broken down into starches & sugars. |
| fatty acids, trigyceride | true fats are 3 ___ ___ + 1 ___. |
| enzymes | in living cells ___ are always the catalysts of reactions. |
| proteins | enzymes are large globular ___, with the exception of lysozymes & ribozymes. |
| substrate | enzymes are always ___ specific (lock & key). |
| accelerate | enzymes usually ___ a reaction. |
| substrate, lowers, temperature | enzymes act by properly orienting a ___ to its active site, which ___ the activation energy, so a reaction can accelerate without increasing the ___. |
| enzyme | the nomenclature "ase" or "yme", means ___. |
| remove | the nomenclature "de" means ___. |
| dehydrogenase | ___ is an enzyme that removes hydrogen. |
| decarboxylase | ___ removes COOH or COO-. |
| apoenzyme, coenzyme, holoenzyme | an ___ & a ___ form a complete active enzyme called a ___. |
| apoenzyme | an ___ is the protein portion of a holoenzyme, and is inactive on its own. |
| coenzyme | a ___ is the nonprotein or organic molecule that either accepts, donates or carries an electron portion of a holoenzyme . |
| NAD+, NADP+, FMN, FAD | important coenzyme electron carriers, from most to least: ___, ___, ___ & ___. |
| coenzyme A | ___ ___ is involved in the synthesis of fats, as well as a series of oxidizing reactions in the krebs cycle. |
| 3,4,2,1 | put the following steps of an enzymatic action in order: 1. products are released (enzyme is unchanged). 2. substrate is changed into a specific product. 3. substrate binds to the active site. 4. forms an enzyme substrate complex (lowers energy of activation). |
| temperature, pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors | factors that influence enzymatic activity are ___, ___, ___ ___ & ___. |
| temperature | the higher the ___, the faster the reaction. |
| bacteria | for most disease causing ___ the optimal temperature is body temperature (35-40 C). |
| denature, catalyze | temperatures above or below 35-40 C causes the proteins in a disease causing bacteria to ___, which causes the active site to change & the enzyme can no longer ___ the reaction. |
| denature | both acid pH & basic pH can ___ an enzyme. |
| saturation, increase | under high substrate concentration, the enzyme is in ___, so further ___ in concentration will not affect the reaction rate. |
| saturated, inactive, concentration | under normal cellular conditions, enzymes are not ___ with substrate, so many molecules are ___, & ___ is likely to influence rate of reaction. |
| inhibitors | ___ control bacteria by controlling their enzymes. |
| competitive | ___ inhibitors have a similar shape & chemical structure to substrate, and compete to fill the active site of an enzyme. |
| substrate | increasing the amount of ___ might overcome a competitive inhibitor. |
| denatured | if the AA sequence is as programmed, it will fold properly, but if the sequence is wrong, shape changes & the protein will become ___. |
| feedback inhibition | ___ ___ occurs if there is enough substrate at the end of an enzymatic action to allosterically bind to the initial reactant, & shut down the pathway. |
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