Brain Functions
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cerebellum | balance and posture |
| medulla | regulates vital functions |
| medulla | flow of info from spinal cord to brain |
| pons | connects 2 halves of cerebellum |
| reticular formation | respiration, coughing, REM sleep |
| reticular activating system | sleep |
| thalamus | relay station of sensory info (except olfaction) |
| hypothalamus | most of body needs |
| hypothalamus | helps maintain homeostasis |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus (SN) | sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythms |
| basal ganglia | motor-related |
| limbic system | mediation of emotion |
| amygdala | motivation and emotion |
| amygdala | attaches emotion to memory |
| amygdala | recall of emotionally-charged events |
| hippocampus | consolidation of long-term declarative memory |
| primary motor cortex | control of voluntary movement |
| premotor cortex | Broca's area |
| Broca's area | speech production |
| prefrontal cortex | executive functioning |
| parietal lobe | senses |
| somatosensory cortex | governs senses (except aud. and vis.) |
| temporal lobe | auditory |
| auditory cortex | mediates auditory sensation & perception |
| left temporal lobe | Wernicke's area |
| Wernicke's area | comprehension of language |
| temporal lobe | encoding, retrieval, storage of long-term declarative memories |
| occipital lobe | visual cortex |
| occipital lobe | vision |
| enlarged ventricles | correlated with hydrocephalis and schizophrenia |
| sympathetic | arousal |
| parasympathetic | calming down |
| pons function | connects two halves of cerebellum |
| pons function | integration of movement from two sides of brain |
| medulla functions | basic reflexes (e.g. coughing) & vital processes (e.g. heartrate) |
| cerebellum functions | refined movemnt, coordination, posture, attentional shifting, sensory motor learning |
| hindbrain contains | brain stem & cerebellum |
| brain stem contains | pons & medulla |
| midbrain contains | reticular formation |
| reticular formation | REM sleep |
| reticular activating system | arousal, sleep (part. sleep-wake cycle), sensory screening (Mom who wakes for baby) |
| forebrain cortical structures | frontal, parietal, temporal & occipital lobes |
| frontal lobe cortices | primary motor, pre-motor, prefrontal |
| primary motor cortex functions | voluntary movemt, humunculis; when damaged reslts in flaccid hemoplegia & loss of reflexes |
| flaccid hemoplegia def. | loss of muscle tone |
| pre-motor cortex area | Broca's area (left side) |
| prefrontal cortx functions | exec fnctioning, mem, emotion |
| prefrontal cortex | linked with ADHD, Schizophr, pseudo depres & psychopathy, age-related cogn decline |
| parietal lobe functions | pain, temp, gustation, proprioception |
| proprioception definition | feedback solely on the status of the inside of the body, such as whether you're moving with required effort, what parts are being used |
| Gertsmann syndrome occurs | when left parietal is damaged |
| temporal lobe structure and functions | auditory cortex, and memory related stuff |
| auditory cortex functions | mediates auditory sensation and perception |
| temporal lobe memory | encoding, retrieval, storage of memory |
| Occipital lobe structure | visual cortex |
| visual cortex functions | mediates vision, perception, recognition and memory |
| subcortical structures/systems | limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus |
| limbic system structures | hippocampus, amygdala |
| hippocampus functions | (in temporal lobe), consolidation of long-term declarative or explicit memory, learning and memory, spatial, visual, verbal info, cogn maps |
| damage to hippocampus | Kluver-Busie syndrome |
| amygdala functions | implicit emotional memory, motivation, olfactory memory |
| basal ganglia functions | caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (Park.'s), planning, orgnizing, sensory motor learning, coordinating movement, stereotyped species- specific stereotyped expressions (smiling, etc.) |
| thalamus functions | relay station for sensory info (except olfaction); motor, language, memory |
| low thiamine | in temporal lobe leads to Korsikoff syndrome |
| trick to remember where Korsikoff happens | drinking too much alcohol at the relay station |
| hypothalamus functions | (connected directly to brain stem, the basics) hunger, sex, sleep, thirst, body temp, movement, emotional reaction, homeostasis, influences ANS & pituitary and endrocrine glands |
| in hypothalamus | superchiasmic nucleus |
| superchiasmic nucleus functions | circadian rhythm, a lot of sleep stuff (connects to the RAS) |
| long-term memory stuff in these structures | prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, thalamus (relay station), hippocampus |
| Sensory memory | 2 sec, large capacity, echoic, iconic store |
| short-term memory | (also called primary or active memory) 18-30 sec storage, it holds 7 +/- 2 (can hold more if you use chunking strategy |
| long-term memory | rehearsal (repeating), elaboration (give it meaning)--strategies to move info from short-term to long-term |
| implicit memory | procedural memory |
| explicit memory | declarative memory |
| prospective memory | thinking about what you have to do in the future |
| recent memory | secondary memory |
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