Chp 17 - Absolutism/Constitutionalism
About this set
Created by:
dsheridan on October 11, 2009
Subjects:
ap euro, world history, european history
Classes:
AP Euro 2012 - 2013, AP Euro, 3rd Hour AP Euro
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) |
| constitutionalism | Government in which power is distributed and limited by a system of laws that must be obeyed by the rulers. |
| Louis XIV | This French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France |
| Fronde | series of revolts of nobility during Louis XIV's rule |
| parlements | 15 sovereign courts in the French judicial system that checked the king's ability to tax and legislate arbitrarily |
| Cardinal Marazin | ruled France when Louis XIV was too young to make decisions for himself |
| Moliere | French playwright who produced popular comedies that exposed the hypocrisies and follies of society. |
| Versailles | Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility. |
| Bishop Bossuet | tutor of Louis XIV who taught about the divine right of the monarchy, which helped secure Louis' ideal of absolute monarchy |
| bureaucracy | network of state officials carrying out orders according to a regular and routine line of authority |
| mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought |
| Jean Baptiste Colbert | An economic advisor to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient. Brought prosperity to France. |
| Charles I | King of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625-1649). His power struggles with Parliament resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1648) in which Charles was defeated. He was tried for treason and beheaded in 1649 |
| Levellers | members of a mid 17th century English political movement, who came to prominence during the English Civil Wars, wanted to equalize social differences |
| Oliver Cromwell | English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War |
| Glorious Revolution | This was the "revolution" that replaced James II with William and Mary that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum bloodshed |
| Declaration of Indulgence | Charles II ended religious tests for being an office holder and allowed the freedom of worship. |
| Thomas Hobbes | This was the philosopher that believed that a strong central government (absolutism) was needed to avoid rebellion and civil war |
| John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property |
| social contract | the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others |
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