Science Final Exam Review
About this set
Created by:
luisamestrella on June 9, 2012
Subjects:
science, 8th grade, interactions with matter, matter, atom, earthquakes
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chemistry | the study of matter and it's interactions |
| Matter | Everything that makes up the universe. "Stuff" |
| Element | Pure matter containing only one type of atom. |
| Atom | the basic unit of matter |
| Molecule | two or more atoms, same or different, joined together |
| Mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. |
| Compound | a substance containing only one type of atom |
| Chemical reaction | the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| Chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| Physical change | a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition |
| Reactants | the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| Law of conservation of mass | the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes |
| Exothermic | a chemical reaction that releases heat |
| Endothermic | a chemical reaction that absorbes heat |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from one generation to the next |
| Dominant trait | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| Recessive trait | An allele whose trait is masked when a dominant trait is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
| Genes | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| Alleles | The different forms of a gene. |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup or allele combination. |
| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance or visible traits. |
| DNA | A complex molecule that carries information about an organism and is passed from cell to cell and parent to offspring. |
| Purebred | An offspring that receives similar traits from both parents. |
| Purebred | An offspring that receives similar traits from both parents. |
| Chromosome | a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order |
| Genetic modification | a process that develops new or improved breeds of animals or plants by introducing new or improved characteristics into the species |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles for a trait |
| Mutation | a change or alteration in form or qualities |
| Geology | The study of Earth |
| Crust | one of the major layer, the outer most layer of earth. |
| Mantle | The middle major layer |
| Inner core | Inner part of the core, think solid. |
| Outer core | Outer part of the core, thick liquid. |
| Tectonic plate | a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle |
| Convection | When the temperature rises, particles move faster and they become less dense and rise. When they cool down they lower due to them becoming more dense. |
| Relative Dating | method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock. Example: Scientist use fossils to match up rock layers in different parts of the world. |
| Absolute Dating | A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil |
| Convergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other |
| Divergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| Transform boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions |
| Seismologist | a scientist who studies earthquakes |
| Seismograph | a measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake) |
| Seismic wave | A vibration that travels through earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
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