Final Review: India
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Khyber Pass | Gap in the Hindu Kush mountains in which invaders entered India |
| Himalayas | The highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from China and rest of Asia |
| Hindu Kush | Mountain range extending west of the Himalayas |
| Monsoons | Seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons |
| Indus River | River in Pakistan that creates a fertile plain known as the Indus River Valley |
| Ganges River | Holiest of Rivers, lined with temples, very polluted |
| Indus Valley Civilization | Ancient worlds most populous civilization, located in Harrapa and Mohjeno-Daro modern day Pakistan, high level of urban planning, well organized govt, farming was basis of economy, well est. trade routes along indian ocean and Arabian Sea |
| Caste System | 5: Brahmins- priests, Kyshatriyas- aristocrats, Vaisyas- free skilled workers, Sudras- slaves/unskilled labor, Untouchables/Dalit |
| Shiva | Destroyer God |
| Brahma | Creator God |
| Vishnu | Preserver God |
| Hinduism | Main religion of India, no founder or formal church, roots from Aryans, shapes and unifies much of India "way of life" |
| Vedas | Eternal truths revealed to wise men, forms of poems songs and prayers, Upanishads explained ideas |
| Reincarnation | Rebirth of the soul in various(temporary) forms |
| Karma | every deed, mental or physical, in this life affects a persons future life |
| Moksha | goal of life, liberation from Samsara, freeing of the soul from the body to unite with Brahman; one with Brahman |
| Dharma | fulfill life's duty |
| Kama | pleasure |
| Artha | wealth/power |
| Atman | allows you to be one with Brahman |
| Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam |
| Sepoy Rebellion | Indian troops in British army, gun cartridges greased with beef or pork fat, Results- Britain makes India a colony, Queen Victoria is empress of India, distrust between British and Indians |
| Effects of British Rule | Technology- improved roads, railroads and telegraphs, helped British keep control, Economic- British factories in India, less bought from Indians, Indians had to grow cash crops for expensive British products, Social- improved health care and sanitation, high caste Indians educated, taught about English language and culture(freedom and liberty) |
| East India Company | Lead by Robert Clive, British gain majority of trading rights, forced many Indian rulers to sign treaties |
| Amritsar Massacre | To protest the Rowlatt Act, Indians gathered in Amritsar, where British troops fired on the crowd killing several hundred. This sparked further protests |
| Mughal Empire | Founded by early Mongol leader Babur, early Mongols destroyed much of Hindu culture, Akbar(1556-1605) stressed tolerance; Accomplishments- Urdu, art, combo of Hindu and Muslim culture |
| Civil Disobedience | Disobeying unjust laws and accepting consequences |
| Imperialism India | East India Company controlled most of India, British were rulers of India, caused rise in India Nationalism |
| Mahatma Gandhi | political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; homespun movement, civil disobedience, salt march, satyagraha |
| Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Gandhi, appealing to the poor |
| Nehru | 1st prime minister of India |
| Jinnah | Governor General of Pakistan |
| Socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all |
| Indira Gandhi | elected prime minister after Nehru's death, assassinated by Sikh bodyguards |
| Modern Challenges India | overpopulation, discrimination, cultural diversity, Sikh violence, |
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