Data

Copy and paste the text below. It is read-only. Select All

biosphere consists of all environtments on earth that support life ecosystem consists of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the environment, w/ which the organisms interact (air, soil, water, sunlight) community an entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem population all the individuals of a species living in a specified area species particular type of organism; very similar individual organisms that interbreed organism an individual living thing; (ex: human being, bird) organ system consists of several organs that work together in performing specific functions (circulatory system, digestive, nervous, etc) organ made up of tissues; multiples of them make up an organ system tissues different bunches of them make up an organ, each with a specific function and made up of a group of similar cells cell separated from its environment by a boundary called the membrane; smallest unit of life organelle membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function in a cell molecule cluster of atoms held together by chemical bonds It takes many _________ to build __________ and make a ____, many _____ to make a ______, several kinds of _______ to make an _____, and so on. molecules; organelles; cell; cells; tissue; tissues; organ emergent properties at each new level, there are new properties that emerge, properties that were not part of the components of the preceding level Which of the following levels (of bio organization) includes all the other ones present in this list: cell, molecule, organ, tissue? organ organisms interact with these components of their environment; and thus, both ____ and ____ are affected by the interactions btwn them the living and nonliving components; [organism] & {environment] producers provide the food for a typical ecosystem (plants) consumers eat plants and other animals function of "decomposers" in soil recycle complex matter into simpler mineral nutrients the plants can use two major processes in the dynamics of ecosystems recyclign of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy an ecosystem gains and loses what constantly? energy plants and other photosynthesizers absorb this from the sun and convert it to this... light energy; and convert it to chemical energy of sugars chemical energy is passed thru a series of... consumers, and eventually, decomposers, powering each organism in turn In the process of these enrgy conversions btwn and w/in organisms, some energy is converted to what? What happens to it? heat, which is then loset from teh system chemical nutrients recycle _____ an ecosytem, while energy flows _____ an ecosystem within; through energy enters an ecosystem as what and exits as what? enters as light, exits as heat Explain how the photosynthesis of plants functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Photosynthesis uses light to convert carbon dioxide and water to energy- rich food, making it the pathway by which both chemical nutrients and energy become available to most organisms. the level at which the properties of life emerge the cell the ability of cells to give rise to new cells the basis for all reproduction adn for the growth adn repair of multicellular organisms cells illustrate this theme of biology: the correlation of structure and function systems biology its goal is to construct models for teh dynamic behavior of whole biological systems, ranging from the functioning of the biosphere to the complex molecular machinery of a cell ever cell is enclosed by this, which does what? a membrane, that regulates teh passage of materials btwn teh cell and its surroundings every cell uses what as its genetic information? DNA the 2 basic kinds of cells: prokaryotic & eukaryotic prokaryotic cell simpler and usually smaller than it's counter type (bacteria); no nucleus eukaryotic cell subdivided by internal membranes into many different functional compartments, or organelles, including the nucleus that houses the cell's DNA evolution the core theme of life Explain why cells are considered to be the basic units of life. They are the lowest level in the hierarchy of biological organization at which the properties of life emerge. genes units of inheritance that transmit info from parents to offspring Explain how the molecular structure of DNA accounts for this function. made up of 2 long chains coiled together; double helix How many chemical building blocks (or bases) make up the DNA chains? 4 Specific sequential arrangements of 4 chemical letters encode precise info in genes the alphabet of inheritance common length of a DNA sequence hundred or thousand "letters" long Essentially, all forms of life use the same genetic code, which has made it possible to engineer cells that produce proteins that are normally made in another organism. Give an example. Bacteria can be used to produce insulin by inserting a gene for human insulin into bacterial cells. The diversity of life arises from... variations in DNA sequences Emergent Properties that are common to all organisms: 1.Order 2.Regulation 3.Growth & development 4.Energy processing 5.Response to the environment 6.Reproduction 7.Adapt->evolve What is the chemical basis for all of life's kinship? DNA as genetic material Around how many species are identified each year? thousands the kigndoms of life can be organized into how many overarching groups, called... 3 domains Domain Bacteria and domain Archaea both consist of... prokaryotes (organisms w/ prokaryotic cells) ______ are the most diverse and wisepread prokaryotes and are now divided among several kigndoms bacteria many of the prokaryotic archaea live where? extreme environments Which 3 kingdoms have MULTIPLE kingdoms w/in them? Bacteria, Archaea, & Protist Domain Eukarya all the eukaryotes (organisms w/ eukaryotic cells) Protists aquatic or moist habitats, single-celled organisms; algae and protozoans (protist) algae make own food by photosynthesis (protist) protozoans animal-like: eat other organisms Which 3 kingdoms within Eukarya contain multicellular eukaryotes, and, partly, how are they distinguised? Plantae, Fungi, & Animalia; by their modes of nutrition Plantae photosynthetic, rigid cellulose walls Fungi molds, yeasts, mushrooms; decomposers Animalia ingestion (consumers); motile, lack rigid cell walls To which of the three domains of life do we belong? Eukarya Darwin's 2 main points of Evolution 1.species living today are descendants of ancestral species 2.natural selection Que se dice en la nombre de theory de Darwin: "descent with modification" unity of life (descent from a common ancestor) + diversity of life (modification as species diverge form ancestors) Core theme of biology Evolution; the one idea that makes sense of all we know ab life How does natural selection adapt a population of organisms to its environment? On average, those individuals w/ heritable traits best suited to the local environment produce the greatest number of offspring that survive and reproduce. This increases the frequency of those traits in the population.