ogt physical
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Created by:
mc-wallacel on June 11, 2012
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103 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Acceleration | A change in speed (or velocity) |
| Acid | A chemical that reacts easily with other substances and turns litmus paper red; less than 7 on the pH scale |
| Alloy | A mixture of metals (and sometimes non-metals) which forms one metallic substance; Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper |
| Asteroid | An object made up of rock and metals which orbits the sun, mainly between Mars and Jupiter |
| Atmosphere | The air surrounding a planet |
| Atom | The smallest unit of a substance that has all of the properties of that substance |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in an atom |
| Atomic theory | A theory that says that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible and indestructible particles |
| Base | A chemical that reacts easily with other substances and turns litmus paper blue; greater than 7 on the pH scale |
| Bias | An influence in an unfair way; You are biasing my choice by telling me yours |
| Bond | An electrical force that links atoms together |
| Brittle | Easily broken |
| Chemical change | A change in a substance that results in a completely different substance or substances and cannot be undone |
| Chemical equation | A short notation for describing a chemical change; 2H2 + O2 รจ 2H2O |
| Chemical formula | The sequence of atoms that describes a certain molecule |
| Chemical property | Describes the ability of a substance to react and form new substances |
| Chemical reaction | What occurs when one or more reactants combine to form one or more products |
| Chemical | Material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules |
| Conduction | The ability of a material to allow electricity or heat to pass through |
| Conductivity | The amount of conduction of a material |
| Convection | The process where heat causes fluids (gas or liquid) to rise and bring heat up |
| Covalent Bond | A type of chemical bond where electrons are shared between the atoms |
| Density | The mass of a substance per unit volume |
| Ductile | Can be drawn into wire |
| Electric force | The force between a positively-charged particle and an electron (negatively charged) |
| Electrically neutral | Neither positively charged or negatively charged |
| Electricity | Energy caused by the movement of electrons in a direction |
| Electromagnetic radiation | A wave that moves back and forth at a certain frequency and moves through space at the speed of light |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The range of all possible electromagnetic radiation |
| Electromagnetic waves | A wave or "disturbance" in space; radio, television, x-rays, microwaves |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle outside the nucleus of an atom |
| Element | A substance composed of atoms with the identical atomic number; organized in the periodic table |
| Endothermic | A chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy |
| Energy | The property of something's ability to do work |
| Equilibrium | A system is at equilibrium when no change is occurring |
| Ethics | A system of principles that talks about good conduct |
| Exothermic | A chemical reaction that gives off heat energy |
| Fission | The splitting of an atomic nucleus that releases energy |
| Fluid | Anything that flows; both gases and liquids are considered fluids |
| Force | Something that produces a change in an object |
| Frequency | The amount of times something happens per second |
| Friction | The resistance when one object contacts another |
| Fusion | The combination of two or more atomic nuclei that releases energy |
| Gamma ray | A form of electromagnetic radiation that has a very short wavelength and high frequency |
| Gravity | The theory that all objects are drawn to each other depending on their distance from each other and their masses |
| Hardness | A scale that tells how hard a particular rock is; harder rock scratches softer rock |
| Helium | The second-lightest chemical element and found primarily in stars like the sun |
| Hydrogen | The lightest chemical element and the main fuel in stars like the sun |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess that is used for experiments; a hypothesis must be tested in order to figure out whether it is true or false |
| Inference | A conclusion based upon facts |
| Infrared | A part of the electromagnetic spectrum that has less energy than visible light; it is the radiation that heat gives off |
| Ion | A charged particle that either has more or less electrons than protons |
| Ionic Bond | A type of bond where ions are formed; electrons are not shared between the atoms as they are lost from one atom and attracted to the other |
| Isotope | A version of an element having the same atomic number but a different atomic mass; this is due to an increase or decrease in the number of electrons |
| Kinetic energy | The energy of movement |
| Light | A type of electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with eyes |
| Liquid | The state of matter where the particles are loose and form the shape of their container but do not necessarily fill up the container |
| Malleable | Can be pounded and shaped without breaking |
| Mass | How much matter there is in an object |
| Material Safety Data Sheet | A piece of safety equipment that comes with all ordered chemicals and states the properties of the chemical and safe handling procedures |
| Matter | Something that has mass and occupies space |
| Microwave | A type of electromagnetic radiation that has low energy and is used primarily for communication (cell phones) |
| Mixture | A substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together |
| Molecule | The smallest unit of a substance that is the combination of one or more atoms |
| Motion | A change in position or location |
| Net force | The combination of all forces that act upon on object |
| Neutral | Not negatively charged and not positively charged; no charge |
| Newton | Sir Isaac Newton, a scientist who made hundreds of contributions to science like the law of gravity and his three major laws of physics; a Newton is a measure of force |
| Newton's 1st Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force |
| Newton's 2nd Law | The net force on an object is equal to the acceleration on that object times the mass of the object |
| Newton's 3rd Law | Every reaction has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Nuclear decay | This happens when the nucleus of an atom breaks apart; usually, neutrons and protons leave the nucleus |
| Nuclear energy | Energy that is produced by fission or fusion reactions |
| Nuclear reaction | A reaction that happens in the nucleus of an atom; fission, fusion |
| Nuclear | Relating to the nucleus of an atom |
| Oxygen | One of the chemical elements on the periodic table that is used by all living things |
| Periodic table | An arrangement of chemical elements based on their atomic numbers and similarity of properties |
| pH scale | Measures the strength of acids and bases; an acid has a number below 7, a base has a number above 7 and neutral materials have a pH of 7 (like water) |
| Physical change | A change in a substance that results in a different form of the substance and can be undone |
| Physical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed; color, taste, texture, density |
| Potential energy | Stored energy; energy that is released and then becomes kinetic energy |
| Proton | A positively-charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Pure substance | A substance that has an identical chemical composition in every part |
| Radiation | Energy that is transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles; when talking about heat, this is when heat spreads out from a central source |
| Radio wave | A type of electromagnetic radiation that has very low energy and a very long wavelength (can be 10 - 20 feet long); used for cell phones and radios of all kinds |
| Radioactive substance | A type of substance that releases neutrons and protons from its nucleus |
| Reaction | When one or more substances are changed into other substances |
| Reflect | To throw or bend back |
| Solid | One of the basic states of matter which has a definite shape and volume |
| Speed | The amount of distance an object travels divided by the amount of time it takes; He traveled 30 mph |
| Substance | A type of matter that has the same properties; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, diamond |
| Synthesis | The combination of two or more things or concepts |
| Technology | The application of science to solve a particular problem |
| Temperature | The measurement of the average thermal energy of a system |
| Thermal energy | Heat |
| Ultraviolet | A form of electromagnetic radiation that has more energy than visible light; most ultraviolet light is usually blocked in our atmosphere by ozone |
| Unbalanced force | A force that is not balanced out by an opposite force; She was pushing against the wall, but when the wall fell it became an unbalanced force! |
| Velocity | The distance that an object travels over a certain amount of time and in a certain direction; He traveled at 30 mph south |
| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up |
| Wave | A movement up and down or back and forth |
| Wavelength | Refers to the length of a single wave (back and forth); can be calculated from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next |
| Weight | The combination of the mass and the force of gravity on an object |
| X-rays | A form of electromagnetic radiation that has low energy and is used in medical equipment |
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