5 Written Questions

1. "zone of proximan development"- a range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of adults and more skilled peers
2. after learning a word children use it to describe other objects in the same category
3. the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
4. Vygotsky's term for a person whose cognition is stimulated and directed by older and more skilled members of society
5. a time when a certain development must happen if it is ever to happen

5 Matching Questions

1. limitations of piaget's research
2. piaget
3. social mediation
4. guided participation
5. sensitive period

1. a a function of speech by which a person's cognitive skills are refined and extended through both formal instruction and casual conversation.
2. b a limited developmental phase when certain behaviors can be learned
3. c just observing may have led him to underestimate what kids can do
4. d the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations
5. e theorist that developed a series of stages in which an individual passes during cognitive development.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. explosion
   fast-mapping
   overregularization
   extensive practice
   1. language
   2. the basic language learning
   3. sensitive period
   4. static reasoning
2. the idea that children attempt to explain everything they see and hear by constructing theories (where baby's come from)
   1. theory of mind
   2. theory-theory
   3. vygotsky
   4. centration
3. a characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes. Whatever is now has always been and always will be
   1. fast mapping
   2. social mediation
   3. scaffolding
   4. static reasoning
4. maturation of the brain's prefrontal cortex appears to be the reason for the age-related advance in children
   1. critical period
   2. conservation
   3. centration
   4. contextual influences
5. the internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves (either silently or out loud)
   1. private speech
   2. critical period
   3. sensitive period
   4. piaget

5 True/False Questions

1. irreversibility → the quality of being irreversible (once done it cannot be changed)

   True        False

2. centration → The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.

   True        False

3. scaffolding → The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects.

   True        False

4. overregulization → the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

   True        False

5. children as apprentices → cognitive development is embedded in a social context
   curious and observant
   ask questions

   True        False