1.
3 layers of the Heart wall: inner-indocardium
mid-myocardium
out-pericardium
2.
4 chanbers of the heart: 2-atria 2-ventricles
3.
5-T's: 5 T's:
Tension pnuemo, Tamponade, Trauma, Toxin, Thrombus
4.
6-H's: hypothermia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion, hypokalemia, Hypovol, Hypoglycemia
5.
Analgesics: Propoxyphene(Darvon) Nalbuphine (Nabain) Morphine, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen(actiprofen, Advil, Ecedrin, Motrin) Asprin(Ecotrin, Emprin) Codeine
6.
Anatomy and Physiology of Spine: 7-cervical
12- thoracic
5- lumbar
3-5-sacral fused
7.
Anisocoria: Normal unequal pupils in small % of people
8.
Ankle bone means: Talus
9.
anterior cord syndrome: damage to the anterior spinal artery usually resulting from injury causing acute compression of the anterior portion of the spinal cord; manifestations include motor paralysis and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury.
10.
Antiarrhythmics: Digoxin (lanoxin), Propranolol(inderal), Verapamil(Calan, calan SR, isoptin SR, Verelan), procainamide(Procan SR, promine, Pronestyl)
11.
Antihypertensive: Captopril (capoten), Clonidine(catapres) Guanabenz(wytensin) Hydralazine(Apresoline, Hadralazine HCL), Hydrochlorothiazide (exidrix, DydroDiuril, Dretic), Methyldopa (Aldomet) Nefedipine(adalat,Adalat CC, procardia)
12.
Assault is defined as: unlawful act puts harm without consent
13.
assessment of pulse should be at: radial for adult= at least 80mmHg
brachial for small child or infant
carotid- unresponsive pt- if pulse felt at least 60mmHg
14.
Battery: unlawful touching
15.
benevolence: disposition to do good
16.
Bones that make up the shoulder: Humerus, clavicle, scapula
17.
Breathing Patterns: Eupnea
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Hyperventilation
Cheyne-Stokes; IICP
Kusmaul respirations; Diabetic KETOACIDOSIS
Biots
18.
Bronchodilator: Albuterol (proventil, Ventolin, Volmax) metaroterenol(Alupent) Terbutaline(brethaire, Brethine, Bricany) Theophylline (Theo-Dur, T-phyl, Uniphyl)
19.
Brown-sequard syndrome: Damage to half of spinal cord Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body.
20.
Cardiac contusion: A cardiac injury following severe blunt trauma to the chest where the heart is violently compressed between the sternum and spinal column, causing a bruise to the heart wall.
21.
celsius vs Fahrenheit: (F - 32) * 5/9=C
(C * 9/5) + 32=F
22.
central Cord syndrome: damage to the central spinal cord characterized by microscopic hemorrhage, edema of the central spinal cord, and compression on anterior horn cells.
23.
Cullens Sign: discoloration around the umbilical area for intra abd bleed
24.
Cushings Reflex is: body's response due to cerebral Ischemia inrease in systemic BP, which maintainse cerebral perfusion during IICP
25.
Cushings Triad: Combination of Increased BP, erratic respiration, slow pulse caused by IICP
26.
diffuse brain injuries: diffuse axonal injury caused usually by non-contact, acceleration/ deceleration or rotational forces.
27.
Emergency move is: Pt is re-positioned without C-spine consideration do to immediate threat to pt
28.
Ethics are: rules & standards of members of a particular group or profession
29.
ETT direct larygoscopy indication and contra: Uncontrolled airway unconscious pt
contra. pediatric with epiglottitis unless resp, are worsening
30.
Focal brain injuries: There will be an observable brain injury. Force of impact will typically produce contusions. Contusions can cause hematomas. Ex. extradural, subdural, and intracerebral hematomas.
31.
GCS scale: 4 for the eyes, 5 for the verbal and 6 for the motor - it works its way down
32.
Gout: A TYPE OF ARTHRITIS CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE URIC ACID IN THE BODY
33.
Grey turners sign: discoloration around flank intra abd hemorrhage
34.
Heart positon in the body is: center of mediastium
35.
Immunity: Exemption from legal liability
36.
Injuries that cause significant blood loss: pelvis 2000ml, femur 1500ml, humerus&tibia 750ml. Large contusion 500ml.
37.
Lateral malleolus: Outer ankle
38.
Mortals are: Social of religious standards of right and wrong
39.
newborn assessment scale: Appearance 1-pink torso 2-all pink
Pulse 1->100BPM 2=>100BMP
Grimace 1-none 2=good facial grimace
Activity 1- sleepy 2=moving all extremity
Respiration 1-limited cry 2-vigorous cry
40.
Non Urgent move is: Full assessment and splinting of pt before any re-positioning occurs.
41.
Osteoarthritis: degeneration of joint due to general wear and tear
42.
Parkland Formula: Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients.,
4ml x patient weight x % of body surface area burned/24hours
patient should recieve 1/2 of this amount in first 8 hours.
43.
pericardial temponade: compression of the heart due to a buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac
Becks Triad (JVD, distant heart tones, Hypotesion, )
44.
Pharmacodynamics: How drug interacts with body to cause its effects
45.
Pharmacokinetics is: How a drug is txp into, inside, and out of the body
Absorbed, distributed metabolized (biotransformed and excreted
46.
Primary responsibility of paramedic: Prepare,Response, scene size up, Pt assessment, Transfer and transport, document, clean up and review
47.
Primum non nocere: First, do no harm
48.
pulmonary contusion: Damage to the lung parenchyma which may cause leakage of blood & fluid into the interstitial spaces of the lung.
49.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities
50.
Shinebone refers to: Tibia
51.
Stages of Grieving: Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
52.
Types of Direct brain injuries: Focal or Diffuse
53.
Urgent move is: Pt is re-positioned quickly but WITH C-spine precautions
54.
What are the 4 elements of Negligence: Duty to act
Breach of Duty
Actual Damage
Proximal cause
