Exploration/Renaissance/Scientific/Reformation
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Compass | navigational instrument for finding directions |
| Astrolobe | allowed observers to chart the postions of the stars and calculate their positions on earth |
| Mercantilism | theory, gov't should do all commercial interests to increase country's wealth |
| Subsides | grants of money used by gov to est industries |
| galleys | long ships powered by slaves in euro trade in the 1400s |
| Baldassare Castiglione | wrote The Book of The Courtier. Described the ideal of a Renaissance man who was well versed in the Greek and Roman classics, and accomplished warrior, could play music, dance, and had a modest but confident personal demeanor. It outlined the qualities of a true gentleman. |
| Lorenzo Medici | A leader of Florence, he used his power and wealth to become a great patron of the arts (helping to grow the Renaissance). |
| Realism | artistic representation famous for visual accuracy |
| Sofonisba Anguissola | a female renaissance artist best known for her self-portraits and for her portrait of philip II |
| Leonardo Da Vinci | painter, sculptor, engineer, architect, inventor used scientific experiences to enhance drawings - anatomy, famous for Mona Lisa |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | This was an artist who led the way for Renaissance masters from his David sculpture and his painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling |
| Raphael | beautified Vatican , Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520) |
| Giotto | realist painter |
| Titan | became one of the first to receive money for his paintings; made Assumption of the Virgin |
| Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin(1466-1536) |
| Thomas Moore | humanist, wrote Utopia, criticized society |
| William Shakespeare | famous Renaissance writer |
| Perspective | an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface |
| Masaccio | important realist paint term used for lights/shadow to give depth |
| Joseph Priesty | english chemist, discovered oxygen |
| Robert Boyle | founder of modern chemistry |
| Robert Hooke | first to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells. |
| Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz | German, made calculus |
| Albrecht Durer | a leading German painter and engraver of the Renaissance (1471-1528) |
| Johann Tetzel | The leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther. |
| Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. |
| Lutheranism | teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone |
| Lutheran Church | The church that broke off from the Catholic church to follow the reformative concepts advocated by Martin Luther |
| Pope Leo X | This was the pope that used the sale of indulgences to rebuild a basilica and he was also the pope who challenged Martin Luther |
| Diet of Worms | Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw. |
| Protestants | a reformer who protested against the abuses of the catholic church in the 1500's:a member of a church desceneded from those that seceded from the Roman Catholic Church during 1500's |
| Peace of Ausburg | agreement that the religion of each german state is selected by its ruler |
| King Henry | Wanted to divorce his wife; left church and created new Anglican Church |
| John Calvin | 1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings. |
| Predestination | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power |
| Pope Paul IV | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power |
| Sci Revolution | thinking transformation where proven by experiments |
| Scientific Method | experiments and math to verify results and make logical conclusions |
| Copernicus | made heliocentric theory, but couldn't prove with available knowledge |
| Principle of Doubt | Things must be proven with Math or experiment |
| Kepler | used math to test copernicus's theory; but only mathematicians understood his proof |
| Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642) |
| Andrea Vesalius | flemish scientist; studied anatomy |
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