Diseases of the Respiratory System
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Created by:
areibold90 on June 13, 2012
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 primary function of the respiratory system | obtain oxygen and exchange it with carbon dioxide and to the blood for distribution |
| function of respiratory structures in the nasal cavity | filter, warm, and moisten inhaled air for entry into lungs |
| secondary functions of respiratory system | coughing, sneezing, talking, and singing (secondary because they are not due to oxygen delivery or carbon dioxide exchange) |
| pharynx | throat |
| larynx | voice box |
| trachea | windpipe |
| bronchi | one goes to each lung |
| bronchioles | smaller tubes of the bronchi |
| alveoli | small air sacs that come from the bronchioles |
| process of air being inhaled | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli |
| surfactant | oily lubricant that reduces tension and keeps aveoli apart |
| muscles of inspiration | (inhalation) diaphragm and external intercostals |
| muscles of expiration | (exhalation) relaxation of diaphragm and external intercostals. abdominals and internal intercostals when breathing is difficult or labored |
| membranes of the lungs | pleura and pleural cavity |
| pleura | double membrane, one layer covers the lungs the other lines the inner chest walls |
| pleural cavity | space in between the pleura that contains fluid that lubricates lung surfaces and reduces friction and creates pressure vacuum to protect the lung from collapsing |
| symptoms of respiratory disease | dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachypena, cyanosis fever, coughs, fatigue, sinus throat and chest pain, sinus and nasal drainage, weakness of muscles and voice |
| dyspnea | labored breathing |
| hemoptysis | coughing blood |
| tachypena | rapid breathing |
| cyanosis | blue coloring due to decreaased oxygen |
| diagnostic procedures for respiratory disease | total lung volume: 6 liters respirations per minute: 20-30 spirometry: measeures vital capacity |
| upper respiratory infections | common cold, sinusitis, nasal polyps, obstructive sleep apnea, allergic rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, influenza |
| common cold | there are 200 strains of virus acute inflammation of mucous membrane lining causing swelling and mucous secretions |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the mucus membranes of the sinuses sinuses are the air filled spaces in the head |
| nasal polyps | noncancerous growths within the nasal or sinus passageway. cause unknown but typically due to allergy to aspirin |
| obstructive sleep apnea | most common sleep disorder interruption in the normal sleeping pattern is known as apnea causes poor night sleep and decreases quality of life 75% cases decreased blood flow to the brain |
| allergic rhinitis | "hay fever" sensitivity to airborne allergens release of histamine causes excessive mucus, runny nose, and congestion |
| tonsillitis | infection of lymphatic tissue treatment: tonsils may be removed with recurrent infection |
| pharyngitis | infection of the pharynx strep throat caused by streptococci bacteria and diagnosed through immunological test |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx and characterized by aphonia |
| aphonia | hoarseness or lost voice |
| influenza | viral infection |
| lower respiratory infections | COPD, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, pneumonia, pleurisy, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumothorax, respiratory distress syndrom, bronchogenic carcinoma, atelectasis |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | numerous conditions where exchange of respiratory gases is ineffective |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| acute bronchitis | cause: irritants (fumes, automobile exhaust) dangerous in small children chronically ill and elderly characterized by chest pain, fever, chills |
| chronic bronchitis | repeated attacks of bronchitis with sputum productions lasting 3 months for 2 consecutive years mucous reduces oxygen levels resulting in hypoxia |
| bronchial asthma | constriction of walls of the bronchi and bronchioles breathing/expiration becomes difficult mucous membranes are swollen, excessive secretions major characteristic is wheezing sound stale air becomes trapped increased incidence with obesity |
| treatment of bronchial asthma | avoid allergens, epinephrine, cortisone tracheotomy may be needed for status asthmaticus |
| emphysema | disease caused by a restriction or obstruction resulting in the destruction of lung and vascular tissue |
| what happens in emphysema | alveolar walls break down lungs lose elasticity causing difficulty exhaling can result in atelectasis (lung collapse) |
| possible causes of emphysema | long term exposure to irritants and/or smoking |
| symptoms of emphysema | suffocating feeling and great distress |
| emphysema detected by | stethescope |
| cystic fibrosis | disease that affects the exocrine glands that secrete mucus that blocks gland ducts thick mucosal surface increases susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections manifests in young children hereditary: autosomal recessive |
| cystic fibrosis primary cause of death | respiratory failure |
| pneumoconiosis | is a COPD caused by dust particles |
| pneumonia | acute inflammation of the lungs where air spaces in the lungs are filled with an inflammatory exudate (fluid) |
| lobar pneumonia | entire lobe of the lung is involved |
| bronchopneumonia | bronchi become obstructed more common in debilitated patients who are less mobile or bedridden from other diseases |
| primary atypical pneumonia | "walking pneumonia" diffuse pattern on x-ray |
| secondary pneumonia | immune system weakened from other conditions |
| legionnaire's disease | air borne bacteria on small droplets potentially fatal |
| pleurisy | inflammation of pleural membranes extremely painful |
| pulmonary tuberculosis | infectious disease causing necrosis of lung tissue people lose weight and become cachectic (commonly called consumption) or "wasting away" |
| primary infection of pulmonary tuberculosis | bacteria causes caseous lesion (soft ad cheeselike) heal and fibrose/calcify forming tubercles that wall off the bacteria |
| secondary infection of pulmonary tuberculosis | bacteria escape from the tubercles or a second exposure occurs leukocytes now attack the bacteria and cause greater lung tissue destreuction (also attacks bone, liver, kidney, and brain) |
| pneumothorax means... | air in chest outer air gets in |
| atelectasis | lung collapse |
| respiratory distress syndrome (adult) | due to aspiration or inhalation of food or vomit material into the respiratory pathways |
| respiratory distress syndrome (infant) | stiff lung |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | most common type of lung cancer greatest danger of blockage of airway 80% of cancer related to smoking |
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