| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What are the costs of tropical diseases? | loss of human life, human discomfort and sickness, economic losses,erosion of human values, costs of treatment and prevention, inhibition of development |
| imported case | person travels to destination and gets infected there, then brings it back home |
| induced case | using a dirty needle |
| direct methods of prevention | drugs, vaccines, vector management, communication, surveillance |
| indirect methods of prevention | research, government, population control, education |
| problems with disease management | resistence, reservoirs, environmental impact, drug side effects, diagnosis, drug availability |
| needs of cell | protection,nutrients, good environment |
| disease processes | processes that move an organism away from optimal functioning |
| health processes | processes that move an organism toward optimal functioning |
| health | the state of an organism that is reaching optimal functioning |
| disease | the state of an organism that is moving away from optimal functioning |
| agents of disease | living organisms, nutritive elements, exogenous chemicals, endogenous chemicals |
| host risk factors | genetic, age, gender, ethnicity |
| environmental risk factors | physical, biological, social |
| two factor system | host -> parasite (measles) |
| three factor system | host --> parasite --> host (malaria) |
| four factor system | host --> parasite --> vector -> reservoir (arthropod-borne encephalitis) |
| with what does the host become infected? | infectious agents |
| how does the host come in contact with infectious agents? | transmission |
| how do infectious organisms enter the host? | infection |
| how do infectious organisms spread within the host? | pathogenesis |
| how do infectious organisms leave the host? | shedding |
| direct transmission | person to person. direct contact with infected organisms. droplet spread. |
| indirect transmission | vectors,vehicle spread. airborne |
| evolutionary aspects of disease protection | skin, hair, sweat, sneezing, coughing, |
| evolutionary aspects of infectious agents | quick proliferation. mutation, rapid selection |
| criteria for establishing causation | high association.time sequence is logical, association is specific for the disease, biologically possible. |
| three basic characteristics of arthropods | jointed legs, segmented bodies, external skeleton |
| do arthropods go through metamorphosis? | no |
| major catagories of disease control | vaccines, drugs, vector control, specific therapies, education |
| how to perform surveillance | to know when and where to apply controls, to evaluate effectiveness, to monitor disease actively, to monitor effects on environment |
| kinds of chemical control agents | toxicants, insect growth regulators, repellents, attractants, |
| active surveillance | require periodical contact, more labor intensive, more costly |
| passive surveillance | physicians, laboratories, and patients, send reports |
| screening | secondary method of prevention, effort to control early disease by detection. |
| types of screening | multiphasic(tests for more than one disease), selective (applied to population at risk), mass (entire community screened) |
| chemotherapy | use of drugs to treat diseases |
| targets of chemotherapy | bug enzymes, |
Combine with other sets
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