World History Final Events, Terms, Concepts Page One
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jessicat_63 on June 14, 2012
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nationalism | Devotion and pride to one's nation |
| Feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service |
| Manorialism | An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. |
| Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought. |
| Capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations |
| Imperialism | A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically. |
| Socialism | an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. |
| Communism | a political system characterized by a centrally planned economy with all economic and political power resting in the hands of the central government |
| Militarism | a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests |
| Constantinople | A city in modern day Turkey that was the object of the fourth Crusade. It is situated between Europe and Asia, and it used to be the capital of the Byzantine Empire. |
| Spread of Islam | By the 600s they had the Arabian peninsula, by the 700s- Middle East, Muslims conquered Persia, Byzantine, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Pakistan, Italy. Islamic states ruled. |
| Seljuk Turks | The Muslims who fought for Jerusalem and crushed the Christians armies of the First Crusade. |
| Spread of Christianity | The point of conquering in the Exploration was this, as well as some of the reason for the Crusades. |
| Crusades | A series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims |
| Effects of the Crusades | Trade increased with Asia and kings gained more power. Cultural understanding was gained, but Muslim and Christian relations became very strained. |
| First Crusade | Peasants fought the Seljuk Turks and fell quickly, but trained knights fought the well prepared Muslims and gained a few cities. |
| Second Crusade | A failed mission that King Louis VII went on to regain land lost to the Muslims. |
| Third Crusade | This event, led by Richard the Lion-Hearted, was the response to Saladin taking back the Crusader states. It ended in a draw and Richard returned home. |
| Serfs | This social class in Feudalism consisted of the peasants who worked the land for the nobles of the manor. |
| Bubonic Plague | This disease, brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages, killed 1/3 of the population and helped end Feudalism. |
| Spanish Inquisition | This was the harsh and violent conversion of Spain back into Catholicism. They used several versions of torture and fear tactics to convert people back to Catholicism and extract Muslims and Jews from Spain. |
| Reformation | This was an act started by Martin Luther and encouraged by John Calvin that encouraged the Church to change its corrupt ways. |
| Causes of the Reformation | These consist of indulgences, power of the pope, and wealth of the Church as well as Martin Luther and John Calvin's protests about this corruption. |
| Protestant Reformation | A reform movement in the early 1500s caused by concerns about the influence, extravagance, and worldliness of the growing Church that had strayed too far from its spiritual roots. |
| Printing Press | An invention made by Johannes Gutenburg that enabled the ideas of the Reformation to be spread more quickly, cheaply, and efficiently than ever before. |
| Council of Trent | The congress of Roman Catholic authorities that met intermittently from 1545 to 1563 to reform abusive church practices and reconcile with the Protestants. |
| 95 Theses | Martin Luther's ideas that he posted on the chuch door at Wittenburg which questioned the Roman Catholic Church. This act began the Reformation. |
| Indulgences | Selling of pardons by the Catholic Church that could be bought to reduce a soul's time in purgatory. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. This practice contributed to the reasons for the Reformation. |
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