anatomy 235 final
Order by
71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the general function of the cardiovascular system? | To pump blood through the body to deliver and get rid of nutrients. |
| How is the cardiovascular system organized? | Heart, to arteries, to veins, and back to the heart. |
| Capillaries | Exchange between arteries and veins. |
| Functions of blood | Distribute nutrients, respiratory gasses, hormones, and metabolic waste. regulate and protect |
| Why is matching blood types important? | To prevent antibodies from attacking. |
| bone marrow | Where blood cells are formed. |
| What are the two circuits of the cardiovascular system? | Pulmonary and systemic |
| What does it mean to say that the cardiovascular system is a closed system? | The heart is closed, the veins are closed the only exchange is in the capillaries. |
| What would happen if there was more blood pumped to the systemic circuit than the pulmonary circuit? | Pressure would build up in the systemic circuit and blood would back-up into the systemic tissue. |
| What surrounds the heart? | Pericardium wraps the outside, Lungs on either side, Sternum in front vertebrae column in back, and ribs. |
| What does double pump mean? | The heart pumps to the systemic and pulmonary by pumping left and right side. |
| Does the heart get it's nutrients from inside it's cambers? | No,the muscle is too thick |
| What are the two major parts of blood? | Plasma and "formed elements" |
| What is the most abundant formed element? | red blood cells, or erythrocytes |
| What are the two main components of plasma? | Plasma protein and water. |
| Hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body |
| What is the stem cell from which red blood cells derives? | Myeloid stem cell |
| What hormone controls red blood cells production, and what organ does it come from? | Erythropoetin, the kidney |
| Where are red blood cells recycled? | Spleen and liver. |
| How much plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells with plates, does blood have? | Plasma- 55% RBC- 45% WBC&P- 1% |
| What is the generalized function of leukocytes? | Fight disease. |
| Neutrophil | Bacteria slayer |
| Lymphocyte | Immune response |
| Monocytes | Phagocytes |
| Eosinophil | Defense against parasites, and allergic reactions |
| Basophil | Promotes inflammation |
| What is the most abundant to least abundant WBC. | Neutrophil, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophil, and Basophil. Never let monkeys eat bananas |
| What types of cells form platelets? | Megakaryocyte |
| What is hemostasis? | Stoppage of blood flow |
| What happens in hemostasis? | Vascular spasm, platelet plug, and blood clotting |
| Fibrin | Used to form blood clots |
| 3 Important nutrients for clotting | Fibrin, calcium, and vitamin K. |
| How important is the intrinsic conduction system? | Very, it coordinates the functions of the heart automatically. |
| Why is an ECG something that is used in routine clinical settings? | It can detect a problem in the intrinsic conduction system |
| Why is it important that the body can alter its cardiac output (CO)? | You need more blood in some cells at different times. ex: skeletal muscles during exercise. |
| Cardiac output | The amount of blood your heart pumps per minute |
| How do extrinsic mechanisms (nervous system) affect CO? | Your heart rate can be increased or decreased. |
| What is the pericardium & what is its function? | A thin layer that wraps the heart |
| What are the three layers of the heart wall? | Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium |
| What layer of the heart is responsible for muscle contractions? | Myocardium |
| What is the name of the connective tissue around the great vessels of the heart and valves? | Fibrous tissues |
| The path of blood from the superior & inferior vena cava through the full circuit of the cardiovascular system. | Ivc/Svc to the RA through PSLV to PT to PA to lungs to PV to LA through BCV to LV through ASLV to aorta to body back to IVC/SVC |
| How is the left side of the heart different than the right? | The left side is thicker because it has to pump blood farther and against gravity |
| How does the heart receive blood? | Coronary circulation |
| What are the two types of cardiac muscle cells? | Contractile cardiac muscle fibers, and intrinsic conduction cells |
| How does the action potential in contractile cardiac muscle cells differ from that in skeletal muscle cells? | Contractile has a plateau, skeletal muscle involves sodium and calcium |
| What generates the contractile cardiac muscle cell action potential and how is it spread to adjoining cell? | A signal from the intrinsic conduction system, it spreads through gap junctions |
| What causes the plateau phase of the cardiac contractile cell action potential? | Calcium entering the cell through slow calcium channels |
| What is the function and anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system? | To create an organized electrical signal through the heart, to start a contraction |
| What is considered your pacemaker? | SA node |
| ECG | A composite of all the electrical activity in the heart |
| P wave | Atria depolarize and contract |
| QRS complex | Ventricles depolarize and contract |
| What is the volume in the ventricle called at the end of ventricular diastole (just before systole)? | End diastolic volume |
| What is the volume in the ventricle called at the end of ventricular systole (just before diastole)? | End systolic volume |
| How do we calculate CO? | Heart rate X Stroke volume |
| How does sympathetic input affect cardiac output? | Increase the Cardiac Output |
| What part of the brainstem controls autonomic input to the heart? | Medulla Oblongata |
| What nerves carry the parasympathetic input to the heart? | Vagus |
| What is the most important factor controlling CO (cardiac output) in the normal, non-exercising individual? | Venous return |
| What causes blood delivery? | The heart creates pressure gradients |
| How do blood flow and blood pressure relate? | If you increase one, then you will increase the other |
| What are the five classes of vessels? | elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, |
| Which vessels are under the highest pressure? | Arteries |
| What is the structure of the capillaries? | Thin walled and permeable |
| What is the vasa vasorum & why is it necessary? | The vessels of the vessels. They circulate nutrients into the vessels |
| Which part of the cardiovascular system is considered the volume reserve? | Veins |
| What is the function of valves in the venous system? | To prevent back flow |
| What are the 3 sources of resistance? | Blood viscosity, Vessel length, vessel diameter |
| What is systolic pressure? | Pressure from ventricular pressure |
| What is diastolic pressure? | Pressure from ventricular relaxation |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.