Planet Earth for masters
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Minerals/the mohs hardness scale | This scale is a scale in which it tests how hard the rock is on a scale of 1-10 |
| Minerals/Crystals | Crystals ocurr naturally, they have strait edges and flat sides but regular angles |
| Minerals/Lustre | The light-‐reflecting properties, or "shininess", of minerals |
| Minerals/Cleavage | Of a mineral, the characteristic of splitting along smooth, flat planes |
| Minerals/Streak | The colour of a mineral in powdered form; a property useful in the identification of minerals |
| Minerals/Fracture | The breaking of a mineral split into jagged, rough pieces where breakage is not controlled by cleavage |
| Minerals/Crust | The thin, outermost layer of the earth |
| Minerals/Element | A type of pure substance (made of one type of particle or atom) that cannot be broken down into smaller arts by chemical means and that has a unique set of properties |
| The Next Section Rocks | ... |
| Rocks/Igneous Rock | The type of rock that is formed by the solidification of hot magma; it is defined as either intrusive or extrusive |
| Rocks/Intrusive Rock | The type of igneous rock formed when magma cools and solidifies below earth's crust |
| Rocks/Extrusive Rock | The type of igneous rock formed when magma (lava) cools and solidifies above earth's crust |
| Rocks/Sedimentary Rock | The most common type of rock on earth's surface; formed by the compacting of sediment (loose materials, such as minerals and organic remains) |
| Rocks/Sediment | loose materials such as bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains |
| Rocks/Magma | melted rock, formed under earth's crust by high temperature and pressure; magma occasionally escapes to earth's surface as lava |
| Rocks/Lava | The term used for magma when it breaks through earth's crust, as in a volcanic eruption |
| Rocks/Metamorphic Rock | A type of rock made when high pressure and heat act on another type of rock and change it into a new form |
| Rocks/Stratification | The arrangement of sedimentary rock in visible layers |
| Rocks/Compaction | The process by which sedimentary rock is formed from sediment, through the weight and pressure of water and other sediment |
| Rocks/Cementation | A process by which particles are held together by another material |
| Rocks/Parent Rock | The mineral (non-‐organic) matter (rock, soil, clay) from which the soil developed |
| Rocks/Rock Cycle | The naturally occurring process in which rocks continue to change from over long periods of time |
| Rocks/Compost | The part of soil composed of dead plant matter |
| Rocks/Humus | The dark-‐coloured part of soil that is rich in nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur |
| Rocks/Fertile | Of soil, containing the nutrients needed for plant growth |
| Rocks/Soil Profile | A description of the characteristics of the different layers that make up a particular soil |
| Rocks/Topsoil | The topmost layer layer of soil, which is dark-‐coloured and rich in humus |
| Rocks/Leaching | The process by which materials from soil are dissolved and carried away by water |
| Next Topic Erosion | ... |
| Erosion/Erosion | The process of moving soil and rock from one place to another; mechanical weathering caused by the effects of wind and/or water |
| Erosion/Weathering | The process in which rocks are broken down and sediment in formed by mechanical, chemical or biological weathering |
| Erosion/Frost Weathering | A process of mechanical weathering that occurs when water goes through a cycle of freezing and thawing; the water expands and contracts in the cracks of a rock, eventually breaking the rock apart |
| Erosion/Sedimentation | The process in which eroded materials in deposited and built up |
| Erosion/Chemical Weathering | The break-‐up or disintegration of rocks through the effects of chemical reactions upon them |
| Erosion/Biological Weathering | The break-‐up or disintegration of rocks through the physical or chemical effects of living organisms |
| Erosion/Abrasion | The wearing down of rocks by wind, ice, waves, and running water |
| Next Topic Plates/volcanos/Earthquakes | ... |
| Plates/Mantle | The middle layer of earth located between the crust and the core, and made of rock |
| Plates/Continental drift | A theory about earth's structure; according to this theory, the continents have slowly changed their positions over time; the slow movement of continents |
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