Nematodes - Ascaridida - Ascaridoidea & Heterakoidea
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8 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Parascaris equorum | Equids Adults: Long 30cm, white to cream color, 3 large lips Eggs: thick-walled, 90um LC: direct, per os L2 eggs; hepatic tracheal migration SOI: Small intestine Pathogenesis: 1) perforation, 2) intestinal obstruction, 3) unthriftiness or production losses Clinical signs: coughing, unthriftiness in young animals, weight loss, slow weight gain Diagnosis: Fecal - eggs Treatment: anthelminthics; post 60 days of age |
| Ascaridoidea | Host specific. Adults: large,10-30cm long, white to cream colored, 3 lips Eggs: thick-walled, resistant eggs. Infective stage: L2 in egg Infect young animals. |
| Toxocara canis (Common roundworm, ascarid) | Canines. Zoonotic. Adults: large, white, 10cm, single finger-like process on the tail of the male, mouth with 3 lips. Egg: dark brown, round, thick pitted shell, 85x75um LC: Direct, eggs w/L2 are infective, per os, transplacental or prenatal, transmammary, paratenic host PPP: 3-5wks SOI: small intestine Pathogenesis: Moderate infections - larval migration, adults cause little reaction Clinical signs:depends on age of dog, pneumonia, pneumonitis, eosinophilia, v d, intestinal obstruction, general malaise, unthriftiness, anemia, pot belly appearance. Diagnosis: Fecal float Treatment: environmental management and anthelmintics (fenbendazole, ivermectin) |
| Toxocara cati (Common roundworm, ascarid) | Felines. Zoonotic. 4% of strays in SKB. Adults: large, white, 10 cm, arrow-head with posterior margins almost at a right angle to the body. Eggs: thick-pitted shell, colorles in cat 60x80um LC: direct, eggs w/L2 are infective, per os, transmammary, paratenic hosts, SOI: small intestine Pathogenesis: little migration Clinical signs: depends on age, number, soi. pneumonia, eosinophilia, hypersensitization, digestive disturbances, instestinal obstruction, general malaise, unthriftiness, anemia, pot belly appearance. Diagnosis: eggs on fecal float Treatment: concentrate on kittens, treat for appropriate stage of adult. Visceral larva migrans rare but can occur. |
| Toxascaris leonina (Ascarid) | Canine and Felines. Adults: 6-10cm Egg: Slightly ovoid, smooth thick shell LC: Direct. Per os (PPP 10-11wk), Paratenic host SOI: Small intestine Path: Moderate infections - no apparent damage to tissues. CS: None, vomition, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, general malaise, unthriftiness, anmeia, pot belly appearance. Dx: Fecal float, necropsy Tx: Adequate hygiene, Ivermectin |
| Ascaris suum | Swine roundworm FH: pigs, humans. ZOONOTIC PH: earthworm or dung beetle Adult: large, white, 3 lips (female 40cm) Egg: 70um, yellow, ovoid, thick pitted shell LC: direct. egg psssed, develops to egg with L2 (infective stage); consumed by FH or PH, hatches in SI, hepatic tracheal migration. PPP: 6-8wks SOI: adults in SI; larval migration; patent infection in humans PATH: larval migration causes "white spots" (localized lesions 1cm in diameter), larvae in lungs may lead to transient pneumonia, intestinal disturbances depending on load, poor feed conversion, slower weight gains, delay to market Adults- obstruction, bile duct - jaundice and carcass condemnation CS: diminished weight gain, intestinal or biliary obstruction, piglets under 4mo - transient pneumonia Dx: ascarid in fecal exam float with zinc sulphate or magnesium sulphate Tx: associated with outdoor and indoor production. most persistent and most resistant, in pasture eggs may be pinfective for 6-7 yrs. older animals have less helminthology and excrete fewer eggs than younger ones. use parasiticides |
| Ascaridia spp | Roundworms FH: domestic fowl and wild birds PH: earthworm Adults: largest nematode in poultry (females 7-12cm, males 5-8cm), 3 lips Eggs: oval, smooth shells, 73-92 x 45-57um LC: direct. infective stage is egg with L2, hatches in SI, parasitic stage is nonmigratory, in histotropic stage larvae embed in mucosa of SI, duration depends on number of ingested infective eggs; nematodes develop in the small intestine. PH may also ingest eggs. Establishment of infection influenced by age of chicken, size of infective dose, age of the eggs, and sex & diets of the chickens. SOI: small intestine PATH/CS: weight loss, partial or total obstruction of the duodenum or the jejunum. Pronounced in chickens up to 3 mo of age. CS include anorexia, drooping wings, ruffled feathers, weight loss, decreased egg production, anemia, diarrhea, and mortality. Enteritis or hemorrhagic enteritis w/ large numbers. Dx: eggs in feces (poss. Heterakis), necropsy |
| Heterakis spp. (H. gallinarum, H. isolonche, H. dispar) | Poultry cecal worm FH: domestic & wild fowl PH: earthworms and houseflies Adults: small in size, male 1cm, female 1-1.5cm Eggs: 65-80 x 35-46um, thick, smooth shell, difficult to differentiate from A. galli LC: Direct, earthworms and houseflies are mechanical transports. Eggs pass out with feces and develop to L2 in egg. Host ingests infective eggs, eggs hatch in small intestine, larvae reach cecum and develop to adults. PPP: 24-30d SOI: lumen of cecum PATH/CS: H. gallinarum - most common nematode of poultry, relatively non-pathogenic but transfers the protozoon Histomonas meleagridis "blackhead" in turkeys. H. isolonche - pathogenic. cecal inflammation, thickening of mucosa with petechial hemorrhages, diarrhea, emaciation, & death Dx: by accident during fecal exam, necropsy |
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