Bio Chapter 6,7, and 9 - Genetics and Genetic Engineering
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Created by:
newportnik on June 16, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 trait | a specific characteristic |
| truebreeding | breeding between 2 homozygous individuals (same as a Purebreed) |
| cross-pollination | breeding technique used by Gregor Mendel to breed pea plants, in which he put female parts of plants into male plants to breed |
| hybrid | offspring from cross with different traits |
| allele | any form of a gene |
| genes | factors passed from parent to offspring |
| dominant | allele that is expressed when 2 different or 2 dominant aleles are present |
| recessive | allele expressed only when 2 copies are present |
| segregation | alleles separate during gamete formation |
| gamete | sex cell |
| chromosomes | long, continuous threads of DNA that consist of numerous genes and regulatory information |
| punnett square | model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross |
| homozygous | characteristic of having 2 of the same alleles |
| heterozygous | characteristic of having 2 different alleles |
| phenotype | collection of all of an organism's physical characteristics |
| genotype | collection of all of an organism's genetic information |
| independent assortment | genes that segregate independently do not influence each others' inheritance |
| incomplete dominance | heterozygous form shows a blending of the two homozygous forms |
| multiple alleles | multiple alleles control one trait |
| codominance | heterozygous form shows characteristics of both homozygous forms |
| polygenic traits | traits produced by 2 or more genes (ie. skin color) |
| homologous | similar in structure, length, and appearance |
| meiosis | a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into a haploid cell |
| crossing over | the exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I |
| Gregor Mendel | father of modern genetics |
| selective breeding | breeding done by humans to get rid of a recessive trait |
| inbreeding | breeding within a species |
| hybridization | crossing of 2 different species that share common genes |
| induced mutations | mutations caused by genetic engineering (radiation) |
| genetic engineering | changing of an organism's DNA to give the organism new traits |
| karyotype | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| Huntington's Disease | dominant genetic disorder that damages the nervous system and usually appears in adulthood |
| sex-linked | genes located on sex chromosomes |
| sex chromosomes | directly control the development of sexual characteristics |
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