Muscular System
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Created by:
_pham22 on June 16, 2012
Subjects:
Medical Terminology, Human Anatomy
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 muscle fibers | long, slender cells that make up muscles |
| fascia | the sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscles or groups of muscles |
| myofascial | pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia |
| skeletal muscles | attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body movement possible |
| smooth muscles | located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures |
| myocardial muscles (cardiac muscles) | form the muscular walls of the heart; like striated skeletal muscle in appearance, but is similar to smooth muscle in that it is involuntary |
| muscle innervation | the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. |
| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between nerves and muscles |
| contraction | the tightening of a muscle, becomes shorter and thicker |
| relaxation | when a muscle returns to its original form |
| Abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb |
| hyperextension | the extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit |
| elevation | the act of raising or lifting a body part |
| depression | the act of lowering a body part |
| rotation | a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint |
| circumduction | the circular movement of a limb at the far end |
| supination | the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand is turned forward or upward |
| pronation | the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand is turned downward or backward |
| dorsiflexion | the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| plantar flexion | the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle |
| origin | the less moveable attachment, the place where the muscle begins |
| insertion | the more moveable attachment, the place where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| rectus | in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body |
| sphincter | a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of the passageway |
| transverse | in a crosswise direction |
| biceps brachii | the muscle of the anterior arm that flexes the elbow; formed from two division |
| triceps brachii | the muscle of the posterior upper arm extends the elbow; is formed from three division |
| gluteus maximus | the largest muscle of the buttock |
| deltoid muscle | shaped like an inverted triangle of the Greek letter delta; forms the muscular cap of the shoulder |
| hamstring group | located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles; primary functions are knee flexion and hip extension |
| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
| neurologist | a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function |
| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| rheumatologist | a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis that are characterized by inflammation in the joints and connective tissues |
| sports medicine physician | specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles |
| fasciitis | the inflammation of a fascia |
| fibromyalgia syndrome | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse and or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain and a wide range of other symptoms |
| tenodynia | pain in a tendon |
| tendinitis | an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint |
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