Botany: PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
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Created by:
tatiananikole118 on June 17, 2012
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11 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 List Four reasons why plants are crucial to the existence and economy of human being | Four reasons why plants are crucial to our existence: 1. food-almost everything we eat comes from plants 2. oxygen- the oxygen we breath is derived from photosynthesis 3. medicines- many are extracted from plants 4. wood-used for constraction |
| describe the meaning of the plants life cycle called alternation of generations, using the terms sporophyte and gametophyte | Sporophyte- in involves some individuals of any kind of plants living as a sexual phase Gametophyte- other individuals live the sexual phase of the life cycle. |
| contrast the terms: non-vascular and vascular | Non-Vascular- non conductive tissues such as mosses. Example: Mosses and Relatives Vascular- has conductive tissue such as ferns. Example: Ferns |
| Name the two vascular or conductive tissues found in vascular plants, stating their functions | Vascular or conductive tissues: Xylem- conduct water and minerals from roots to the leaves Phloem- Conducts food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant |
| name and describe the three basic plant tissues system types | Plant tissue system: 1. dermal tissue 2. ground tissue 3. vascular tissue |
| For root structure and functions: a. identify the two types of root system from diagram or description b. name the four functions of roots; c. describe the role that roots hair play in water uptake | Root Structure and Functions: A. Root System: 1. monocot- not main root fibrous root system. EX. grasses 2. Dicot- one main root= the tap root. Ex. Carrots Functions: 1. anchorins the plants in the soul 2. absorbing water and minerals from the soil 3. transporting water, minerals and food 4. storing of surplus sugar Role of Root Hairs: Tiny epidermal (skins extensions) located on young growing roots perform the took of absorbing water and minerals for the plant |
| Give four Functions of stems | Functions of stems: 1. support the leave and flowers 2. transport materials between root and leaves 3. produce food 4. stored substances |
| For Leaf structure and function: A. state the general function of the leaf; B. name the specific function associated with each of the following leaf parts; cuticle, stomata, guard cells, mesophyll and veins C. explain how a plant transports water from the ground up into its stem and leaves, using the term cohesion-tension theory and transpiration | A. General Function of the leaf is to produce energy/food for the plant through photosynthesis. B. Cuticle- a waxy of fatty containing on the surface of above ground epidermal cell of many land and plants; aids in the certain water Stomata- an adjustable opening in the epidermis of a leaf or young steam, surrounded by a pair of guard cell, that regulates the diffusion of carbon dioxide and water into and out of the leaf or stem. Guard Cell- regulates the size of the opening stomata Mesophyll- loosely packed, usually photosynthetic cell located beneath the epidermis of the leaf Veins- invertebrates, a large diameter, thin-walled vessel that carries blood from venues back to the heart; in plants a vascular bundle in a leaf Cohesion-Tension Mechanism of Xylem Transport: 1. water enter vascular cylinder of root by osmosis 2. the cohesion of water molecules to one another an to the xylem walls 3. evaporation from leaves Meaning of Transpiration: is the word that describes the loss of water from leaves due to evaporation |
| Four flower structure and function: A. state the general function of flowers B. name or identify the four main parts of the flower on diagram and state the main function associated with each part. C. explain the meaning of the term double fertilization D. differentiate between seeds and fruits; E. give two main ways that seeds are dispersed away from plants | Flower Structure and Function: A. General Function of Flowers: sexual reproduction B. parts of the flower: 1. Sepal- often green, protects inner part of flower 2. petal- inside sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators 3. Caroel- produce ovales which become seeds inclosed in fruit 4. Stomen- produces pollen that carry sper cells to the carpel Double Fertilization: in flower plants, the fusion of two perm nuclei with nuclei of two cells of the female gametophyte. first sperm nucleus fuses with egg to form the zygote; the second sperm nucleus fuses with second haploid nuclei of the central cell to form a tripod endosperm cell Seeds and Fruit Differentiated: Seed- the reproductive structure of a seed plant protected by a seed coat, contains on embryonic plant and supply of food for it. Fruit- In flowering plants the ripened ovary (plus, in some cases, other part of the flower) which contains the seeds. Two Primary ways seeds are dispersed: 1. by the wind (often with "wings" or parachutes) 2. by animals (fruit is often showy or color full when ripe) |
| Relate the concept of growth to the terms: primary and secondary growth, apical and lateral meristems, cambium, wood, and auxins | Growth: Primary Growth- means growth (elongation) from the tips of roots and stems Secondary Growth- means growth out ward, in diameter, or root and stems Apical Meristems- primary growth Lateral Meristems- is an active mitotic layer that produces new cells for secondary growth, that is growing in diameter of stems and roots. Role of Cambium in Growth: produces secondary growth-new xylem and new phloem Wood- growth rings of old xylem produced by the cambium Relationship of Auxins to growth: one of several kind of plants hormones so far identified for other types of great interest |
| Define tropism, and differentiate between the following: phototropism, gravitropism, and hydrotropism. | Tropism: a plant growth movement such as a tree growing towards the light Phototropism- growth with respect to the direction of light Gravitropism- growth with respect to the direction of gravity Hydrotropism- growth movement towards water |
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