Ch 12 Cardiovascular: Heart
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Created by:
DrDavila Plus on June 18, 2012
Subjects:
BIO104: Human Anatomy & Physiology II
Description:
Dr Davila
Medical Careers Institute, ECPI University
Human Anatomy & Physiology II
BIO 104
Classes:
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heart | four-chambered muscular organ, that pumps oxygen-poor blood to pulmonary circulation (lungs) and oxygen-rich blood to systemic circulation (body) |
| pulmonary circulation | portion of circulatory system that sends blood to, and receives blood from, the lungs |
| systemic circulation | portion of circulatory system that sends blood to, and receives blood from, the body |
| pericardium | double-layered serous membrane surrounding heart |
| visceral pericardium | serous membrane on the surface of heart muscle; aka epicardium |
| parietal pericardium | tough, fibrous serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity, posterior to ribs and sternum |
| pericardial fluid | serous fluid between parietal & visceral pericardium; reduces friction when heart beats |
| epicardium | outer layer of heart tissue made of serous membrane; aka visceral pericardium; coronary blood vessels found here |
| myocardium | middle and largest layer of heart, made of cardiac muscle; |
| septum | thick muscular wall separating blood from one side of heart from the other; (eg, interatrial and interventricular) |
| endocardium | innermost heart layer; includes the smooth endothelium |
| endothelium | innermost lining of blood vessels; very smooth so blood can flow with minimal friction against vessel walls |
| right atrium | upper right chamber of heart; receives de-O2 blood from body via inferior and superior vena cava; pumps blood through tricuspid valve to right ventricle |
| right ventricle | lower right chamber of heart; receives de-O2 blood from right atrium (through tricuspid valve); pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary valve |
| left atrium | upper left chamber of heart; receives O2 blood from lungs via pulmonary veins; pumps blood through bicuspid/mitral valve to left ventricle |
| left ventricle | lower left chamber of heart; largest & thickest chamber; receives O2 blood from left atrium (through bicuspid/mitral valve); pumps blood to body via aortic valve |
| superior vena cava | drains blood from head, neck, arms & chest into top of right atrium |
| inferior vena cava | drains blood from abdominopelvic regions, back and legs into bottom of right atrium |
| tricuspid valve | one-way valve between right atrium & right ventricle; aka right atrioventricular valve (right AV valve) |
| bicuspid valve | one-way valve between left atrium & left ventricle; aka mitral valve aka left atrioventricular valve (left AV valve) |
| atrioventricular valve | one-way valve between atrium and ventricle; prevent blood backflow; AV valves: tricuspid [R] & bicuspid (mitral) [L] |
| pulmonary valve | one-way valve between right ventricle & pulmonary trunk; aka pulmonic valve; 1 of 2 "semilunar" valves |
| aortic valve | one-way valve between left ventricle & aorta; |
| atrium | 1 of 2 thin-walled upper chambers of the heart; receive blood into heart & pumps it through AV valves into ventricles |
| ventricle | 1 of 2 thick-walled lower chambers of the heart; receive blood from atria & pumps it out of heart to body or lungs |
| heart blood flow | IVC/SVC→RA→tricuspid→RV→pulmonary valve →p. trunk→p. arteries→LUNGS→p. veins→LA→bicuspid→LV→aortic valve→aorta→BODY |
| semilunar valve | one-way valve between ventricle and vessel; prevent blood backflow; pulmonary [R] & aortic [L] |
| chordae tendinae | tendon-like, fibrous strands connecting AV valves of the heart with papillary muscles in ventricles, holding valves in place |
| cardiac cycle | complete cycle from start of one heartbeat to the next; includes atrial systole & diastole and then ventricular systole & diastole |
| systole | contraction of myocardium; higher pressure on blood |
| diastole | relaxation of myocardium; lower blood pressure |
| heart sounds | created by closure of heart valves: "LUBB-dub" AV valves slam first, causing loud sound; semilunars slam second, making quieter heart sound |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| cardiac conduction system | network of myocardial cells specialized to generate & conduct electrical signals through the heart; upon elecetrical signal, muscle cells contract |
| conduction pathway | SA node→AV node→AV bundle→bundle branches→cardiac fibers |
| sinoatrial node | "pacemaker" node of conduction system in upper RA; initates spreading electrical signals (approx 60-72 per min) aka SA node |
| atrioventricular node | second node of conduction system between atria & ventricles; spreads electrical signal to AV bundle; aka AV node |
| atrioventricular bundle | specialized muscle fibers connecting AV node to bundle branches, transmitting impulses between them; aka bundle of His |
| bundle branches | electrical signal travels from AV bundle travel through these branches then to cardiac fibers throughout ventricles |
| Purkinje fibers | fibers from bundle branches that spread throughout ventricles carry electrical impulses, causing them to contract |
| electrocardiogram | record of electrical activity of heart; if abnormal, may indicate heart disease; aka ECG or EKG |
| P wave | first, small wave on an EKG; indicative of electrical activity in atria (atrial systole) |
| QRS complex | second, large wave on an EKG (spike down, up, & down); indicative of depolarizing electrical activity in ventricles (ventricular systole & DEpolarization) |
| T wave | third, small wave on an EKG; indicative of electrical activity in ventricles subsiding; (ventricular diastole or REpolarizing ) |
| arrythmia | irregular heart beat |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heart rate |
| tachycardia | abnormally fast heart rate |
| ischemia | abdormal blood condition of deficient oxygen |
| mediastinum | central region of thoracic cavity, containing aorta, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, and thymus |
| apex | pointed part of an organ; ex heart or lung |
| cardiac output | amount of blood heart pumps in 1 minute; average = 5000 mL/min; equals heart rate multipled by stroke volume; CO = HR x SV |
| heart rate | number of heart beats per minute; average = 72 beats/min |
| stroke volume | amount of blood ejected by heart per conctraction; average = 70 mL/beat |
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