Parasitology IR 4
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale Life Cycle | Hookworm Diagnostic stage: eggs in feces and worms in intestinal biopsies Embryo develops rapidly into rhabditiform Infective stage is filariform larva Method: penetration of the skins of human Enters the lymphatics and the bloodstream Travels to lung Break out of lung Coughed up and swallowed where they go to intestine Mature to adults |
| Hookworm infection symptoms | Itching at penetration site Abdominal pain nausea diarrhea IDA Pica |
| Hookworms | Egg: thin, smooth, colorless shell with two to eight cell cleavage Buccal capsule is longer than strongyloides Possess a bulbous esophagus |
| Strongyloides stercoralis | Threadworm Diagnostic stage: first-stage larvae in feces Eggs hatch in mucosa and noninfective rhabditiform larvae are observed in feces Filariform larvae penetrate skin of host and move through the lymphatics and blood to the lung. coughed up from the bronchioles to the pharynx and swallowed and return to the intestine |
| Threadworm | No male Strongyloides stercoralis Buccal cavity of this is much shorter than the other hookworms |
| Trichinella spiralis | Transmission: humans eat undercooked pork, deer, or bear contaminated with encysted larvae Larvae mature in intestine and new larvae move to lymphatics, which then migrate to active, striated muscles and encyst Diagnosis: extreme peripheral blood eosinophilia, muscle fiber biopsies with encysted larvae, serological tests. |
| Trichinosis | Abdominal pain, headache, diarrhea, joint pain, periorbital edema |
| Dracunculus medinensis | Guinea worm Consumption of contaminated water (copepod) Forms papule, or painful blister Typically observed on feet, legs, or ankle |
| Wuchereria bancrofti | most common filarial infection - endemic to tropical and subtropical areas Migrate through lymphatics and mature as aduts Transmitted by Anopheles mosquito Symptoms: headache, feverm obstructive lymphadenopathy, elephantiasis Diagnosis: ID of microfilaria in blood or skin |
| Loa Loa | African eye worm chrysops fly Calabar swellings is swelling around the eye Diagnostic stage is microfilariae in blood |
| Onchocerca volvulus | Black fly Produces nodules on the scalp Diagnostic procedure is skin snips (parasite is walled off in a granuloma |
| Hymenolepis nana | Prevalence in Southeast US Most common in US Eggs in feces of infected mice and rats accidentally ingested by human host Diganostic form is eggs in feces Egg: filaments emerge from polar thickenings - three pairs of hooklets - hexacanth embryo |
| Taenia solium and saginata | Worldwide distribution Transmission: inegstion of undercooked meat with encysted larvae - mature into adult worms that reside in small intestine Diagnosis: proglottids or eggs in feces, biopsy for cystericercosis, serology tests |
| Cysticercosis | Abdonimal pain: ingestions of embryonated eggs or gravid proglottids causes cystercercosis - larvae migrate to brain, eye, muscle, etc. |
| T. saginata | 15 - 30 lateral uterine brancehs |
| T. solium | <15 lateral unterine branches |
| Diphyllobothrium latum | Fish tapeworm Intestional obstruction Abdonminal pain, weight loss, weakness B12 deficiency Cultures and climates where raw fish are eaten Pleurocercoid ingested by humans in raw or undercooked fish Diagnostic stage is egg passed into the feces |
| Fish tapeworm | Egg is operculated Terminal knob Rosette shaped uterus |
| Echinococcus granulosus | human ingests eggs by close contact with dog or sheep - accidental host Diagnostic stage is hydatid cyst in liver, lung or other organs Complication is anaphylactic shock if cyst ruptures during biopsy or removal |
| Fluke life cycle | Eggs contaminate water and hatch in miracidium which penetrates snail Miracidium develop into cercariae and emerge from snail and encyst on vegetation, fish, or shellfish and develop into metacercariae Humans ingest the contaminated plant, fish, or shellfish Metacercariae migrate to the appropriate site...lung, liver, intestine |
| Fasciola hepatica | Sheep liver fluke - worldwide Transmission: ingestion of fresh-water vegetation Larvae migrate through peritoneal cavity and penetrate liver and reside as adults in hepatobiliary ducts Symptoms: headache, chills, fever, diarrhea, biliary obstruction, jaundice Diagnosis: eggs in feces or bile; serological tests (ELISA, Western Blot) |
| Fasciolopsis buski | Large intestinal fluke Ingestion of metacercariae from undercooked water plants Associated with intestinal obstruction and malabsorption - eating bamboo Eosinophilia China, Vietnam, Malasia Can have very large worm burden Huge egg that is difficult to differentiate from hepatica |
| Clonorchi sinensis | Opisthorchis Eggs in feces or entero-test capsule Ingestion of metacercariae in undercooked fish Operculated egg Shoulders and small knob |
| Heterophyes heterophyes | Ingestion of metacercariae in undercooked fish Eggs in feces Similar to Clonorchis Faint shoulders, small knob |
| Paragonimus westermani | Lung fluke Ingestino of metacercariae in undercooked crabs or crayfish Eggs in sputum Operculated, terminal thickening |
| Schistosoma | Only flukes with separate genders Transmission: free-swimming larvae (fork tailed cercariae) penetrate human skin and migrate to organs Blood flukes (mate in blood vessels) |
| Schistosomiasis | Symptoms: inflamed site due to skin penetration, fever, abdominal or pelvic pain, diarrhea, cirrhosis Urinary obstruction, urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma Diagnosis: eggs in stool or urine, eggs in tissue biopsies, serologic tests |
| Schistosoma haematobium | spike is on the bottom |
| Schistosoma japonicum | vestigial spine |
| Schistosoma Mansoni | Prominent sharp spike on the side |
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