Module 3- Terms
About this set
Created by:
Pincay Plus on June 19, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Ahs 101
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
198 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 circulation | One way movement of blood throughout a closed bodily system. Oxygen and nutrients to the blood |
| epicardium | outermost layer of the heart |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| myocardium | the middle muscular layer of the heart wall |
| septum | a dividing partition between two tissues or cavities |
| interatrial septum | partition between right and left atrium (upper) |
| interventrical septum | divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle (lower) |
| right atrium | Recieves unoxygenated venous blood returning from body via veins. (svc & ivc) |
| right ventricle | Pump unoxygenated venous blood to the lungs. |
| Left atrium | Recieves blood high in oxygen content as it returns from the lungs. |
| Left ventricle | Has the thickest wall, pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. |
| valves | Blood flow between the chambers is regulated by a system of one way valves |
| tricuspid valves | closes when right ventricle pumps in order to prevent back flow into the right atrium |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | Located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery. When right ventricle has emptied, this valve closes in order to prevent back flow into the right ventricle. |
| Mitral valve | prevents blood from returning to the left atrium |
| aortic semilunar | Located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Prevents return of aortic blood into left ventricle |
| pulmonary circuit | carries blood to and from the lungs |
| systemic circuit | carries blood to and from the rest of the body |
| systole | active contraction phase |
| diastole | resting period |
| sinoatrial node (SA node) | pacemaker of the heart |
| Atrioventricular Node | AV node |
| Bundle of his | intraventricular septum |
| Purkinje fibers | causes ventricle to contract |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the heart lining |
| myocarditis | inflammation of heart muscle |
| pericarditis | Inflammation of heart surface |
| Congenital heart diseases | Developmental abnormalities |
| Ventricular septal defects | A hole in the interventricular septum |
| Atrial septal defects | opening between the right and left atria |
| coarctation of the aotra | a narrow fibrous contristion in the descending thoracic aotra (an extracardiac abnormanilty) |
| Discussion of coronary heart disease | Includes myocardial blood supply a)right and left coronary arteries. b)circumflex coronary artery |
| occlusion | blockage |
| angina pectoris | a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart |
| atherosclerosis | condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| coronary thrombosis | the closing off of a vessel that feeds the heart muscle by a stationary clot, or thrombus |
| myocardial infarction | heart attack |
| Dengenerative heart disease | due to deterioration of tissure such as valves and muscle |
| murmurs | abnormal heart sounds |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body (usually with a stethoscope) |
| valvular insufficiency | incomplete closure of a valve which permits regurgitation of the blood |
| valvular stenosis | a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart |
| stethoscope | a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body |
| electrocardiograph | medical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart |
| fluoroscope | an X-ray machine that combines an X-ray source and a fluorescent screen to enable direct observation |
| ultrasound | using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram) |
| various drugs | treatment |
| surgery | treatment |
| Function of blood | Blood is the chief means for transporting vital elements within the body, thus important for various body functions: |
| Respiration | Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carries carbon dioxide |
| Nutrition | Blood carries food substances from intestines to tissues |
| Excretion | Blood carries waster products from cells to organs for excretion |
| Protection | Blood carries defesnsice cells |
| Regulation | Blood carries hormones and other chemical substances that regulate the function of organs. |
| Plasma | colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended |
| Erythrocytes | (Red Blood Cells) Carry oxygen |
| Leukocytes | (White blood cells) Serves as defense mechanism of the body |
| Platelets | (thrombocytes) Bring about the process of clotting |
| Anemias | A general condition in which the blood is lacking either in its normal number of RBC's or in its overall quality |
| Blood Loss Anemias | Anemia due to either acute or chronic blood loss |
| Hemolytic Anemias | Involves the destruction of RBC's within the vascular system. Example: sickle cell anemia- an inherited disorder |
| Anemias with decreased RBC production | Example: Bone marrow fails to form enought RBC's |
| Leukemia | In this disease there is a trendous increase in WBC's. Normal is 5,000 to 10,000 cells/cu mm. In leukemia 30,000 to 50,000 cells may be present |
| Hemorrhagic Disorders | Include a group of disorders characterized by an abnormal bleeding tendency. These are cause by a breakdown in the clotting mechanism. Example: Hemophilia-Blood fails to clot |
| Arteries | Large blood vessels, Thick and very elastic. Has 3 layers. Carry blood high in oxygen away from the heart |
| Veins | Thin blood vessels, less elastic than an artery. Has 3 layers. Carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart |
| Arterioles | small arteries or branches of arteries. |
| venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| vasoconstriction | decrease in the diameter of blood vessels |
| Vasodilation | dilation of blood vessels (especially the arteries) |
| carotid artery | either of two major arteries of the neck and head. There is a right and a left artery. |
| aorta artery | Largest SINGLE artery in the body, supplies the body with oxygen-rich blood |
| brachial artery | the main artery of the upper arm. There is a right and a left artery. |
| radial artery | Below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm. There is a right and a left artery. |
| femoral artery | the chief artery of the thigh. There is a right and a left artery. |
| Jugular Vein | Large veins on right and a left side of the neck that return blood to the heart from the head and neck. |
| Superior vena cava | Largest vein in the body. They meet and empty into the right atrium of the heart. |
| Femoral vein | There is a right and a left femoral vein in the the this returning blood from the thigh to the heart. |
| Saphenous vein | The largest, greatest, longest vein, in back of ankle to the top of the thigh. the lesser vein back of ankle behind the knee. |
| inferior vena cava | receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart |
| Tunica Adentitia (Connective Tissue) | Outer Most Coat=Layer |
| Tunica Intima (Endothelium) | Inner most Coat=Layer |
| Tunica Media (Involuntary Muscle) | Middle MUSCLE Coat=Layer |
| Pulse | the rhythmic contraction and expansion of the arteries with each beat of the heart |
| temporal pulse | pulse located at the temples |
| Carotid pulse | pulse located in the neck |
| Apical pulse | pulse taken with a stethoscope and near the apex of the heart (not a pulse) |
| Radial pulse | pulse of the radial artery (felt in the wrist) |
| Femoral pulse | pulse of the femoral artery (felt in the groin) |
| Popliteal pulse | PULSE LOCATED BEHIND THE KNEE |
| Pedal pulse | pulse located on top of the foot (surface) |
| Normal pulse for women | (72-80) |
| Normal pulse for adult men | (62-72) |
| Normal pulse for children | (100-140) |
| Normal pulse for Elderly | (65) |
| Tachycardia | abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute) |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat (below 60 beats per minute) |
| intermittent | Pules rate that has occasional skipped beats |
| irregular | Not Regular AKA Arrhythmia. Variation in force and frequency |
| thready | weak force with each beat (very light) |
| Diagnosis involving vessels | Arteriography Pulse Ultrasound - Doppler hears the pluse Direct Inspection Ophthalmoscope |
| opthalmoscope | insturment for examing the eye |
| thrombophlebitis | Phleb=vein, Phlebothrombosis - in conjunction with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) |
| thrombus | (thrombi) Stationary blood clot |
| Embolus | (emboli ) Moving blood clot |
| stasis | Slowness of Normal flow. Venostasis inactivity resulting from a static balance between opposing forces |
| Anticoagulant drugs | prevent blood clot formation; heparin |
| ligation | (surgery) tying a duct or blood vessel with a ligature (as to prevent bleeding during surgery) |
| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery) |
| hemorrhage | flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels |
| external hemorrhage | Change in drainage, check posterior to the wound |
| Internal hemorrhage | inside body into tissues and cavities, vomits blood, coughs up blood, loss of conciousness signal this. Little can be done, keep warm, NO FLUIDS |
| venous hemorrhage | Bleeding - Steady, Heavy flow. Deep Red/Marron Color (Deoxygenated |
| arterial hemorrhage | Spurting ANd Bright Red Color (Oxygenated) |
| capillary hemorrhage | Bleeding - Slow, oozing flow, Reddish Brown Color. |
| Pressure points | A pressure point is a location at which a main artery supplying a particular body area lies near the skin surface and over a bone |
| Pressure Points - Temporal or scalp | pressure on temporal artery |
| Pressure Points -Lower face | Pressure on the facial artery |
| Pressure Points - Neck | Pressure on the carotid artery |
| Pressure Points -Shoulder or upper arm, chest wall and armpit | Pressure on the subclaivian artery |
| Pressure Points - Mid-upper arm and elbow | Pressure on the brachial artery |
| Pressure Points - Leg | Pressure on the femoral artery |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose |
| Hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| Hematuria | the presence of blood in the urine |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood or Expectoration |
| Hemothorax | blood in the chest or pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest) |
| Hemostatic | Rest or stop bleeding i.e.. by suturing or clamp |
| Shock | It is a state of collapse resulting from circulatory failure. |
| Hemorrhagic shock | shock resulting from blood loss |
| Traumatic shock | caused by sudden injury |
| Neurogenic shock | Loss of control of the nervous system. Blood vessels can not change size in response to stimuli and remain widely dilated. |
| Psychogenic shock (TQ) | simple fainting - Syncope Caused by - Not getting enough oxygen to the head Treatment - Put head down |
| Cardiogenic shock | shock caused by cardiac arrest |
| Septic shock | Severe infection. Vessels dilate and plasma is lost through their walls. |
| Metabolic shock | loss of body fluids or a change in body chemistry |
| Anaphylactic shock (TQ) | Severe allergic reaction Caused by 4 I's - Insect - Injection - Ingested - Inhale |
| Surgical shock | Following surgery, as in traumatic shock |
| Respiratory shock (TQ) | Caused by insuffient oxygen in the blood ***It is NOT caused by impairment of circulation |
| Hypoglycemia shock | low bloodsugar |
| Electric shock | a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body |
| Eyes (symptoms of shock) | Dull...Pupils may be dilated, |
| Skin (symptoms of shock) | Pale..Cold and Clammy..Cyanotic |
| Respirations (symptoms of shock) | Shallow irregular labored |
| Pulse (symptoms of shock) | Rapid weak |
| Blood pressure (symptoms of shock) | Low |
| Patient may experience | -nausea -vomiting -collapse -anxiety. -thirsty |
| Blood pressure (TQ) | (BP) refers to the force exited by the blog against the walls of the blood vessels as it flows through them. |
| Blood pressure gradient | Refers to the difference in pressure in arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| Arterial Blood Pressure depends upon | 1.Force of heart beat (cardiac output) 2. Volume of blood in the circulatory system 10-12 Pints Of Blood 3. Resistance in the blood vessels a.Vasoconstriction - BV Narrow b. Vasodilation - BV Enlarge |
| systolic pressure | the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart |
| Diastolic Pressure | the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood |
| sphygmomanometer | An instrument used to record arterial BP |
| Palpatory method | indirect use of arterial bp, palpate or feel the pulse as the press applied externally to an artery is reduced |
| auscultatory method | a method of measuring blood pressure by listening for the appearance and disappearance of Korotkoff sounds within the body |
| Hypertension | Vasoconstrictor impulses is thought to be the theory of hypertension. |
| Primary Hypertension | Most common type. Females are more likely to develop |
| Primary Hypertension Theories of Causation | 1. Vasoconstrictor impulses - a. Hormonal Imbalance b. Psychogenic Factors 2. Inherited 3. Obesity 4. Diet |
| Secondary Hypertension | Cause of high BP can be traced to a deferent disease |
| Eupnea | normal breathing |
| Normal Respiratory Rates | Birth 40-60 breaths/minute Adult 16-20 breaths/minute Inspiration and expiration as (1) breath REMEBER TO COUNT FOR 1 FULL MINUTE |
| tachypnea | Rapid breathing but rate is in excess of 24 cycles/min |
| bradypnea | Abnormally slow breathing |
| hypopnea | Breathing greatly reduced in depth. |
| dyspnea | difficult breathing painful or labored breathing |
| orthopnea | breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect |
| apnea | Cessation of respiration - Eventually it will stop. |
| anoxia | A condition that means lack of oxygen - AKA- Hypoxia |
| Bronchitis | inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C.O.P.D.) Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (C.O.L.D) | Those are diseases that obstruct the pathway of normal ventilation |
| Emphysema | Over expansion of the lungs. Alveoli become distended. Elasticity of the alveoli is destroyed. |
| Asthma | Types : 1-Allergic (Extrinsic) - Pollen, house dust, cats, etc. 2-Non-Allergic (Intrinsic) i.e.. heart failure, inflammation of lung |
| Bronchostenosis | Narrowing of the bronchial tubes |
| Atelectasis | Means an airless - collapsed lung Causes: 1. External pressure on the lung due to fluid 2. Obstruction of the bronchus |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity lung collapses due to loss of negative pressure |
| Hemothorax | collection of air in the pleural cavity and collapses of a lung |
| fusiform | jtapenig at both ends; spindle - shaped |
| Thoracodynia | Pain in the chest |
| Pneumonectomy | surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer) |
| Lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain) |
| Segmental Resection | Removal of a segment of a lung |
| Pneumocentesis | SURGICAL PUNCTURE OF THE LUNG |
| Thoracoplasty | repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
| Thoracotomy | incision into the chest |
| Thracheotomy | A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea, through the neck, and a tube inserted so as to make an artificial opening in order to assist breathing |
| Chest X-ray | May demonstrate lesions in the chest which are asymptomatic. |
| Bronchogram | record of the bronchus |
| Mediastinoscopy | endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum |
| Pulmonary Angiography | x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs after injection of contrast material |
| Sputum examination | Measures culture and sensitivity of sputum, collect specimen early in the AM before breakfast |
| syndrome | a complex of concurrent things |
| Hidradenitis | Inflammation of a sweat gland |
| Pleuralgia | pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the muscles between the ribs |
| Syndactylism | birth defect in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes |
| Laparotomy | surgical incision into the abdominal wall |
| dactylogram | fingerprint |
| Alopecia | loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.