| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Intolerable Acts | 1774, also called the Coercive Acts; Punished Massachusetts; Consisted of the Boston Port Act (closed Boston harbor), Quartering Act, MA Government Act (revoked MA charter), and Impartial Administration of Justice Act (removed British soldiers from jurisdiction of MA) |
| Quebec Act | 1774, expanded Quebec into the Ohio River Valley and instituted French civil law |
| Act of Union (1800) | United England and Ireland |
| Orders in Council | 1807, George III prohibited neutral nations from trading with France, leading to the US Embargo Act |
| Reform Act of 1832 | Increased suffrage; eliminated rotten and pocket boroughs |
| Act of Union (1840) | United Upper and Lower Canada |
| British North America Act | 1867, United Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into new nation, the Dominion of Canada |
| Home Rule Act | 1914, Provided for Self-government of Ireland; had earlier been supported by Parnell and Gladstone but hadn't passed |
| Northwest Ordinance | 1787, divided territories in the Midwest into townships & allowed them to eventually become states; supported public schools; prohibited slavery in the region; written by Dane |
| Fugitive Slave Laws | 1793, updated in Compromise of 1850, providing different fees to judges depending on their verdict |
| Naturalization Act | 1798, Increased citizen residency requirement from 5 to 14 years; repealed in 1802 |
| Alien Act | 1798, allowed President to deport any alien considered dangerous; expired in 1800 |
| Alien Enemies Act | 1798, allowed for the deportation of citizens of nations at war with the US; expired in 1801 |
| Sedition Act | 1798, prohibited printing of libel or fostering opposition to US laws |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | 1798, drafted by Jefferson and Madison in popposition of infringements of civil liberties in the Alien and Sedition Acts; later cited by nullification proponents |
| Missouri Compromise | 1820, Henry Clay's proposal allowed lave state Montana and free state Maine to enter (keeping balance at 12 each) |
| Thomas Proviso to Missouri Compromise | 1820, Thomas added proviso preventing slavery north of 36'30 in Louisiana purchase |
| Tallmadge Amendment to Missouri Compromise | 1820, would have freed slaves born in Montana at age 25 |
| Specie Circular | 1836, required land payments be made in gold or silver, devalued currency; supported by Jackson; written by Benton, delivered by Treasury Secretary Woodbury |
| Wilmot Proviso | 1846, _______ added by ______ to appropriations bill preventing slavery in lands acquired from Mexico; removed from the bill by the Senate |
| Compromise of 1850 | 1850, Clay's proposal included ending of slavery in DC, admission of CA, a new Fugitive Slave Law, establishment of NM and UT territories, and $10 million payment to Texas |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854, Stephen Douglas's proposal created Kansas and Nebraska, and allowed settlers in both states to decide slavery issue for themselves, repealing Missouri Compromise |
| Homestead Act | 1862, provided for free land up to 160 acres to people who would settle on it for 5 years |
| Morrill Land-Grant College Act | 1862, provided much federal land to states for establishing state universities |
| Enrollment Act | 1863, instituted a draft for the Civil War, allowing exception by the payment of $300 |
| Wade-Davis Bill | 1863, ____ and _____ proposed bill requiring half a state's white males to swear loyalty before reestablishing state governments in the South; pocket-vetoed by Lincoln, who supported his Ten Percent Plan |
| Freedmen's Bureau | 1865, Established to help freed slaves; headed by Howard |
| Tenure of Office Act | 1867, prevented the President from removing officials without Senate's consent; violated by Andrew Johnson when he replaced Secretary of War Stanton with Thomas, leading to his impeachment trial |
| Bland-Allison Act | 1878, created silver certificate and allowed silver purchase by the government |
| Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act | 1883, required competitive tests for federal civil service jobs; passed in response to Garfield's assassination by Guiteau; |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | 1890, proposal by ______ outlawed all trusts in restraint of free trade |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act | 1890, proposal by _______ provided by monthly purchase of silver by federal government |
| Teller Amendment to Declaration of War with Spain | 1898, stated that the US would not annex Cuba |
| Platt Amendment to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901 | 1901, ended US occupation of Cuba; established naval base at Guantanamo Bay |
| Spooner Amendment to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901 | 1901, provided for civilian government in the Philippines |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906, supported by Wiley; inspired by Sinclair's Jungle; amended 1938 |
| Owen-Glass Act | 1913, established Federal Reserve |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914, amendment to Sherman Antitrust Act by _______; dealt with new monopolistic practices |
| Espionage Act | 1917, provides stiff penalties for spying against the US |
| Glass-Steagull act | 1932, extended credit and gold to industries |
| Norris-LaGuardia Act | 1932, banned yellow-dog contracts and prevented injunctions |
| National Industrial Recovery Act | 1933, established Public Works Administration and National Recovery Administration to help economic recovery from Great Depression; NRA was ruled unconstitutional in Schechter Poultry v. US |
| Wagner Act | 1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining |
| Hatch Act | 1939, also Political Activity Act; limited political activities of federal employees; limited individual campaign contributions |
| Smith Act | 1940, also Alien Registration Act; outlawed advocacy of force to change government |
| Lend-Lease Act | 1941, allowed the President to grant economic aid to nations important to the defense of the US |
| Taft-Hartley act | Also Labor-Management Relations Acts; curbed powers of unions; outlawed closed shop; allowed right-to-work laws; passed over Truman's veto |
| McCarran-Walter Act | 1952, removed ban on immigration by Asians to US |
| Landrum-Griffin Act | 1959, also Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act; Bill of Rights for Union members; regulated union internal affairs; required reporting of union dealings |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | 1965, provided federal enforcement of laws allowing minorities to vote |
| Medicare Act | 1965, established health insurance for the elderly |
| Medicaid Act | 1965, established health insurance for the poor |
| Social Security Act of 1967 | 1967, established social welfare insurance |
| Civil Rights Act of 1968 | 1968, prohibited racial or religious discrimination in housing |
| Boland Amendment | 1984, prevented US aid for contras in Nicaragua |
| Virginia Plan | 1787, proposed by Randolph and Madison; provided Congressional representation for states on the basis of population |
| New Jersey Plan | 1787, proposed by Patterson, provided equal Congressional representation for each state |
| Great Compromise | 1787, Also called Connecticut Compromise, proposed by Sherman and Ellsworth, provided for bicameral Congress |
| Plan of Iguala | 1821, Iterbide and Guerrero's plan for independence from Spain |
| American System | 1820s, Henry Clay's policies, calling for high tariffs, internal improvements, and a strong national bank |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823, Monroe's statement that European powers should not interfere in the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere |
| Doctrine of Nullification | 1832, Calhoun and South Carolina declared a state could suspend federal laws; Webster argued the issue with Hayne in the Senate |
| Freeport Doctrine | 1858, Stephen Douglas's support for popular sovereignty on the slavery issue, espoused during his debates with Lincoln in Illinois Senate election |
| Open Door Policy | 1899, Secretary of State Hay negotiated for equal trading rights in China |
| Square Deal | 1903, Theodore Roosevelt's policies of treating everyone equally |
| Roosevelt Corollary | 1904, Theodore Roosevelt's assertion that the US could intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations, such as Venezuela |
| Dollar Diplomacy | 1909, Taft's policies of investing money in Latin America; led to military involvement in places such as Nicaragua |
| Plan of San Luis Potosi | 1910, Madero's plan for revolution in Mexico |
| Plan of Ayala | 1911, Zapata's agrarian reform plan for Mexico |
| New Nationalism | 1912, Theodore Roosevelt's policies as Progressive Party candidate |
| New Freedom | Wilson's policies of limited government, low tariffs, banking reform, and antitrust laws |
| Dawes Plan | 1924, plan to reduce reparations imposed on Germany at Versailles |
| Young Plan | 1929, further reduced reparations imposed on Germany after WWI |
| Stimson Doctrine | 1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria |
| New Deal | 1933, FDR's plan for economic recovery during the Great Depression |
| Fair Deal | 1945, Truman's plan for social legislation |
| Marshall Plan | 1947, also European Recovery Program, alloted $13 billion for rebuilding Europe after WWII |
| Containment | 1947, plan to limit spread of Communism; outlined by Kennan |
| Schumann Plan | 1950s, idea to form European Coal and Steel Community |
| Hundred Flowers | 1956, Mao encouraged intellectuals to criticize the government for a short time |
| Great Leap Forward | 1957-1962, Mao tried unsuccessfully to rapidly increase China's industrial and agricultural production |
| Great Society | 1964, LBJ's policies of fighting poverty and racial injustice |
| Cultural Revolution | 1966-1976, Mao attempted to rekindle revolutionary fervor, organizing students into groups of Red Guards; ended with arrest of the Gang of Four |
| Shuttle Diplomacy | 19734, Secretary of State Kissinger traveled back and forth between nations in the Arab-Israeli War |
| Code of Hammurabi | 1700s BC, _________ established laws of equal retaliation; It was discovered at Susa in 1901 |
| Edicts of Ashoka | 200s BC, ______ spelled out his Buddhist-based policies; included Minor, Major Rock, and Pillar Edicts |
| Edict of Milan | 313, Constantine the Great (Rome) legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire |
| Theodosian Code | 438, compilation of opinions of Roman jurists by Antiochus Chuzon |
| Justinian Code | 534, Body of Civil Law compiled by Trebonianus for Byzantine Emperor ________ I. |
| Oath of Strasbourg | 842, Charles II the Bald and Louis II the German allied against brother Lothair I; had briefly imprisoned Lothair and dad Louis the Pious at Field of Lies in 833. |
| Golden Bull (1222) | 1222, Hungarian nobles forced Andrew II to issue the Golden Bull |
| Unam Sanctum Bull | 1302, Boniface VIII asserted supremacy of the pope over secular leaders; ignored by Philip IV (France) |
| Golden Bull (1356) | Charles IV (Holy Roman Empire) established rules for election of emperors |
| Pragmatic Sanction (1438) | Charles VII limited papal authority in France |
| Concordat of Bologna | 1516, Francis I obtained the right to appoint church officials without papal approval |
| Edict of Worms | 1521, Charles V condemned the teachings of Martin Luther |
| Edict of Nantes | Henry IV granted partial religious freedom to Huguenots; revoked by Louis XIV in 1685 |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620, signed by Pilgrim Separatists led by Brewster and Bradford, establishing laws for Plymouth colony |
| Edict of Restitution | 1629, Ferdinand II ordered return of Catholic land seized by Protestants |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | 1637, Hooker and Haynes established laws for colony; considered first written constitution |
| Pragmatic Sanction (1713) | Charles Vi willed Hapsburg lands to daughter Maria Theresa |
| Tennis Court Oath | 1789, Members of National Assembly vowed to create a constitution for France |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | 1789, proclaimed by National Assembly during French Revolution; ended divine right of kings and guaranteed personal freedoms |
| Code Napoleon | 1804, body of French civil law established by Napoleon; still used in Belgium, Louisiana, and France |
| Tamworth Manifesto | 1832, Peel outlined his plan for the Conservative Party |
| Southern Manifesto | 1956, Opposition of Southern congressmen to Brown v. Board of Education decision |
| Port Huron Statement | 1962, manifesto of the Students for a Democratic Society by Tom Hayden |
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