Axial skeleton/Upper limb
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Movement starts at the spinous process | Where muscle/ligaments attach |
| Control movement at transverse process | Yes |
| Articular process | Obstructs forward movement |
| Where spinal tap? | L3-5 |
| Exaggerated thoracic convexity | Kyphosis |
| Step off at the affected spine (L5/S1) and prominent spinous process of L5. | Spondylolisthesis |
| Inflammatory joint disease affects upper cervical spine, degenerative joint disease targets lower cervical spine. | Yes |
| Sciatic nerve irritation/entrapment -> back/butt pain radiating down thigh along what dermatomes? | L5/S1 |
| Sacroiliac pain where? | Parous women and seronegative joint disease -> spondyloarthitis/ankylosing spondylitis. |
| Sacroiliac test. | For sacroilitis. |
| Three joints for shoulder movement, | Glenohumeral Acromioclavicular Sternoclavicular |
| Ligaments at the shoulder joint (2)? | Glenohumeral Acromiohumeral (prevent excess movement) |
| Muscles surrounding shoulder joint. | Rotator cuff muscles Long head of biceps |
| Does the glenoid cavity prevent shoulder joint dislocation? | No. Gives very little stability (shallow) |
| What reduces friction between tendons and adjacent bone/joint capsule in the shoulder? | Bursae (sacs lined with synovial membrane) |
| What causes a flattened shoulder (2)? | Dislocation of the shoulder Deltoid atrophy (axillary nerve lesion due to humerus neck fracture) |
| Where does the axillary nerve wrap around the humerus? | The neck of the humerus. |
| Winged scapula nerve association? | Long thoracic nerve lesion |
| Atrophy of which muscles can cause rotator cuff tear? | Supraspinatus Infraspinatus |
| Swellings in the shoulder joint (2)? | Joint effusion (anterior) Bulging under deltoid (subacromial bursa distension) |
| At what angle is the painful arc syndrome? | Abduction; between 10 - 120 degrees. |
| What constitutes a frozen shoulder (2)? | Reduced external rotation and abduction beyond 90 degrees. |
| Frozen shoulder is also called? | Adhesive capsulitis (severe restriction in movement) |
| Shoulder impingement syndrome includes (2) | Subacromial bursitis rotator cuff tendonitis |
| Calcific supraspinatus tendinitis | Deposition of calcium in supraspinatus portion of musculotendinous rotator cuff |
| Where is the pain in calcific supraspinatus tendinitis | Abduction; 50-130 degrees (contact between inflamed supraspinatus and acromion) |
| Where is the rotator cuff tear | abductionl 0-90 degrees (>90 use deltoid) |
| How to test rotator cuff tear | Shoulder drop test |
| Rotator cuff tendonitis presentation | Night pain and when reaching overhead |
| Test rotator cuff tendonitis | Patient extend elbow while doctor forcibly flexes patients arm |
| Difference between bicipital tendinitis and impingement syndrome? | Bicipital tendinitis has no restriction in abduction or foward flexion of shoulder |
| Test bicipital tendonitis | Pain during resistance of forearm supination. |
| Impingement syndrome early and late symptoms. | Early: mild pain in front of shoulder, radiating to lateral arm Late: pain at night, restricted motion, loss of strength, difficulties in performing activities |
| Three joints of the elbow? | Humeroulnar Humeroradial Proximal radioulnar |
| What causes increase in the carrying angle? | Misaligned healing of the supracondylar fracture |
| What is golfers elbow? | Medial epicondylitis |
| What nerve can be damaged in golfers elbow? | Ulnar nerve |
| What is tennis elbow? | Lateral epicondylitis and degeneration of wrist extensors |
| What position yields pain in tennis elbow? | Dorsiflexion of the wrist (opening door or lifting glass) |
| Swelling between lateral epicondyle and olecranon | Synovitis |
| What stops the elbow from hyperextension? | Presence of elecranon process |
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