Islamic Studies Vocabulary
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Created by:
LearnArabicwithLaura on June 22, 2012
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace |
| Jabal al Nur | a small mountain outside Makkah with a cave where Muhammad would often go to worship and meditate. |
| Yathrib | A city that Mohammed and his followers fled to. Now called Medina. |
| Madinah | "city of the prophet"; city to which Muhammad and his supporters went in 622 |
| Hudaybiyyah | is a peace treaty that took place between the state of Medina and the Quraishi tribe of Mecca. It allowed Mohammad to make his pilgrimage to Mecca the next year. The treaty was broken by Mohammad because he felt the Quraysh broke the terms of the Treaty and Mohammade took over Mecca. |
| Ka'bah | sacred cube-shaped building in the center of Mecca around which muslims are to walk during their pilgrimage |
| Qurasysh | The most dominent nomadic tribe in Mecca. The tribe into which Muhammad was born. |
| Muhammad | Founder of Islam, considered the last greatest prophet in Islam. 570 -632 CE |
| Khadijah | First wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader. The first to convert to Islam. |
| Arbitrator | (n.) - one who settles controversy between two sides |
| Ansar | Helper denoting Medinian citizens that helped Muhamad after his arrival to the city. Early Muslims in Medina |
| Muhajirun | early Muslims who followed Muhammad in migration from mecca to medina |
| Sahaba | Companions of the Prophet Muhammad, many of whom handed down oral traditions that became the basis of Ahadith |
| Ahl al Kitab | People of the book"People of the Scripture," or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of scripture believed to be of divine origin. It refers to Jews, Christians and Sabians. |
| Tribe | a group of people who share common ancestors, language and traditional claims to territory. |
| Clan | an extended unilineal kinship group. a family group that is a sub-group of a tribe. |
| Ummah | the worldwide community of Muslim believers |
| Isra and Miraj | Muhammad's night journey to Jerusalem and his ascension to the Seven Heavens. |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in A. D. 622; this event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar |
| Constitution of Madina | The prophet was careful to lay down regulations governing the conduct of the members of the clans. All these rules were embodied in a document. |
| Pilgrimage or Hajj | The pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the five pillars of Islam and the duty of every Muslim believer if physically and financially able. |
| Islam | literally, "seeking a state of peace", it is the religion of belief in One God, revealed through the prophets from Adam through Abraham, Moses, Jesus and the final Prophet Muhammad. |
| Allah | Arabic for "God"; the Supreme God of Islam |
| Qur'an | The holy book of Islam. |
| Akhirah | The Muslim beliefs about life after death. |
| Resurrection | raising from the dead. The Qur'an teaches that every human being will be brought back to life after they die to be judged by God on the Day of Judgment. |
| Monotheism | belief in one God |
| Jibreel | Gabriel; Called Muhammad to be a prophet and reveals word of God to him |
| Hadith | (Islam) a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions |
| Khutbah | a speech or sermon usually given on Friday prayer service, by the imam |
| Salah | the second pillar of Islam is prayer nounEx. a prescribed liturgy performed five times a day (preferably in a mosque) and oriented toward Mecca |
| Hijab | the custom in some Islamic societies of women dressing modestly outside the home. A headscarf worn by Muslim women. |
| Jihad | struggle in God's service |
| Five Pillars | The basic tenets of Islam: Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his prophet; pray to Allah five times a day facing Mecca; fast during the month of Ramadan; pay alms for the relief of the weak and the poor; take a hajj to Mecca |
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