| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support? | absolute rule |
| Which war was sparked by religious confict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weaking of Spain and Austria, and the devestation of Germany? | the Thirty Years' War |
| Who inherited the Austrian throne only after Charles VI had the other European powers sign an agreement declaring they would recognize the heir? | Maria Theresa |
| Which of the following did the Glorious Revolution bring to England's throne? | William and Mary |
| By the end of the 1600s, what had England's system of government become? | a constitutional monarchy |
| During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, which of the following groups suffered the greatest loss of power? | the boyars |
| What were some of Philip II's accomplishments as king of Spain? | He defended Roman Catholicism and helped stimulate the arts. |
| What was the main cause of the eight civil wars that were fought in France between 1562 and 1598? | religious differences |
| What king became France's most powerful ruler and boasted "I am the state"? | Louis XIV |
| Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg? | He wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the West. |
| The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by who? | Nicoluas Copernicus |
| Francis Bacon helped to develop what? | the scientific method |
| Isaac Newton explained the what? | law of universal gravitation |
| In general, the phiosophes believed in which of the following? | progress for society |
| The idea of a direct democracy is explained in what? | The Social Contract |
| European art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by a grand, ornate style called what? | baroque |
| The philosophes influenced Catherine the Great's what? | proposal on reforms to Russia's laws |
| The Declaration of Independence was written by who? | Thomas Jefferson |
| The Bill of Rights was influenced by who? | All of these...Voltaire, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau |
| Henry Fielding was a writer who what? | developed many features of the modern novel |
| European monarchs became absolute rulers in response to which of the following? | religious and territorial conflicts that caused warefare and revolts |
| After the northern Dutch gained their freedom from Spain, what type of government did the United Provinces of the Netherlands establish? | a republic |
| What was the Edict of Nantes issued in an effort to do? | bring an end to violent religious conflicts in France |
| What political purpose did the splendid palace at Versailles serve? | to show the power of Louis XIV and arouse the eny of the other monarchs |
| Which of the following did the Restoration "restore" to power in England? | the monarcy, as an institution |
| Which war resulted in the beginning of the modern state system in Europe? | Thirty Years' War |
| What did Frederick the Great believe a ruler should be? | a father to his people |
| What was Peter the Great the first Russian ruler to make an effort to do? | westernize Russia |
| Which of the following reflects the chronological order of the events in English history? | the English Civil War-the Restoration-the Glorious Revolution |
| How did the economy of central Europe differ from that of western Europe? | Serfs in central Europe did not move to cities and become the middle class. |
| What problem helped to weaken the Spanish Empire? | Spain experienced a period of severe inflation and heavy taxes. |
| How did the United Provinces of the Netherlands differ from neighboring states? | It had elected govenors whose power depended on landowners and merchants. |
| How did Cardinal Richelieu work to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy? | He moved against the Huguenots and weaked the power of the nobles. |
| What event led to the War of the Spanish Succession? | Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir, adding to Bourbon power. |
| What was the Thirty Years' War a conflict over? | religion, territory, and power among European ruling families. |
| Why did strong states form more slowly in central Europe than in western Europe? | They had weak empires and poor economies without a middle class. |
| What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights? | It made clear the limits of royal power. |
| What were some of the things Peter the Great did to westernize Russian? | He raised women's status and made nobles wear Western fashions. |
| What was one reason Ivan IV was called Ivan the Terrible? | He organized a police force that murdered people he considered traitors. |
| How did the Puritans finally win the English Civil War? | Cromwell's army defeated the Royalists, and the Puritans held the king prisioner. |
| Which of the following is true of the neoclassical style of art? | It emphasized elegance and simplicity. |
| Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process? | observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion |
| Which of the following events occured after the American Revolution? | Constitution Convention |
| What was Montequieu's influence on the US Constitution? | branches of government |
| How did the Baroque style and the neoclassical style differ? | Baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant |
| Frederick II supported which of the following? | freedom of worship |
| How were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the Great similar? | Both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority. |
| What was the law of universal gravitation? | All physical objects are affected equally by the same forces. |
| Which of the following did the Enlightenment promote? | All of these...a belief in progress, a more secular outlook, faith in science |
| What did the American colonists protest as "taxation without representation"? | Stamp Act |
| What did Andreas Vesalius and Voltaire both do? | challenge preexisting ideas |
| How did Zacharias Janssen make Anton van Leeuwenhoek's discoveries possible? | He invented the microscope |
| Which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the US Constitution? | Thomas Hobbes |
| In which of the following ways does the main character in Richardson's Pamela reflect Enlightenment ideas? | She resisted an abuse of authority. |
| In the 1700s, which of the following showed the influence of Enlightenment ideas? | All of these...a woman reading a novel, a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination, a man attending a salon |
| Which of the following did the censors of the Catholic Church ban? | the Encyclopedia |
| In which of the following ways did the taxation problem in America differ before and after independence? | Before there were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes. |
| How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals? | It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. |
| Which of the following reflects the neoclassical style? | a church built in simple, elegant style |
| Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution? | improvements in medicine and scientific instruments |
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