| Term | Definition |
| astronomers | people who study stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies |
| constellations | groups of stars forming patterns |
| galaxy | a cluster of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity |
| light year | the distance traveled by a beam of light in 1 year |
| refractive | capable of changing the direction (of a light or sound wave) |
| celestial navigation | navigating according to the positions of the stars |
| dead reckoning | Estimating location and speed using a variety of different methods including wind, waves, bird sightings, and currents. |
| latitude | an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator |
| quadrant | a measuring instrument for measuring altitude of heavenly bodies |
| telescope | a magnifier of images of distant objects |