1.
Allele: One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
2.
Antigen: A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody
3.
Autosomal Inheritance: Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome
4.
Autosomes: Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
5.
Change in Chromosome Number: A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete or more than one chromosome in the gamete
6.
Change in Chromosomes Structure: A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis
7.
Dihybrid Cross: A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
8.
Dominant Allele: An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
9.
Genetic Disease Carrier: A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder
10.
Genotype: Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism posseses for a certain time
11.
Heterozygous Genotype: A genotype with two different alleles
12.
Homozygous Genotype: A genotype in which both alleles are identical
13.
Monohybrid Cross: A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
14.
Mutation: A radical chemical change in one or more alleles
15.
Pedigree: A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
16.
Phenotype: The observable expression of an organism's genes
17.
Recessive Allele: An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
18.
Sex Chromosomes: Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
19.
Sex-linked Inheritance: Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes
20.
True Breeding: If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic.