| Term | Definition |
|---|
| polysaccharides | 2 types which are dependant upon types of monosaccharides |
| homopolysaccharides | a type of polysaccharide which has repeating units of the same monosaccharide |
| heteropolysaccharides | a polysaccharide which has two or more monosaccharides |
| cellulose | a homopolysaccharide thats the most abundant organic compound on earth |
| cellulose | an unbranched homopolysaccharide that's the primary component of woody plants and a big component of cell walls |
| cellulose structure | beta glucose+beta glucose with 1,4 linkage |
| cellulose enzyme | missing in humans and takes away nutritional value |
| chitin | an unbranched homopolysaccharide which is a major structural component in exoskeletons of invertebrates and has high hydrogen bonding |
| chitin | analog of cellulose |
| chitin structure | beta glucosamine+beta glucosamine with 1,4 linkage |
| protons | positve charge found in nucleus of atom with an amu of 1 and 2 upward quarks/1 downward quark |
| neutrons | neutral charge found in nucleus of atom with an amu of 1 and 1 upward quark/2 downward quarks |
| electrons | negative charge found in the electron cloud in energy levels, sublevels, and orbits with a tiny amu |
| valence electrons | found in the outer most energy level of an atom and used to form chemical bonds |
| monosaccharides | individual or simple sugar - 1 sugar unit |
| disaccharides | 2 simple sugars |
| oligosaccharide | molecule having 3-10 simple sugars |
| polysaccharide | polymer of up to several thousand mono units |
| monosaccharide formula | C6H121O6 |
| glucose | most common carbohydrate. dextrose. aldohexos |
| galactose | aldohexos |
| aldohexos | 6 carbons with an aldehyde group |
| functional groups | more reactive part of molecule. Ex - OH hydroxyl group |
| hydroxyl group | indicates an alcohol |
| ketohexose | 6 carbons with a ketone group on 2nd carbon |
| covalent bond | when valence electrons are shared equally |
| biomolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates | organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| lipids | nonpolar molecules that are not soluble in water |
| proteins | chains of amino acids |
| nucleic acids | long chains of smaller molecules called nucelotides |
| amylose | linear molecule, |
| amylopectin | branched molecule from amylose 80% potato starch |
| starch | plant storage form of glucose, mixture of amylose and amylopectin, glucose monosaccharide, 1/2 of carbs ingested by humans |
| maltose structure | alpha glucose+beta glucose unbranched and digested by salivary amylase which breaks 1,4 linkage |
| glycogen | stores glucose/energy in animal cells (muscle and liver in vertebrates), identical to amylopectin but highly branched |
| hyaluronic acid | heteroploysaccharide. geltinous material found in joints, synovial fluid around bone cement holding skin to body |
| amino sugar | frequently occurs in large quantities in structural materials such as exoskeletons |
| vitamin c | required in diets |
| uronic acid | found in large quantities within bone, cartilage, and skin |
| disaccharides | most abundant are sucrose and lactose |
| fructose | fruit sugar |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| glycosidic bond | covalent bond between monosaccharides. water is a bi-product |
| lactose enzyme | present only in mammary glands during pregnancy |
Combine with other sets
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