| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Pathogens | diseased causing microbe |
| Pathology | study of diseases |
| Etiology | study of the diseased organism |
| Pathogenesis | manner that disease develops structural and functional changes caused by disease |
| Infection | invasion/ colonization of body by pathogens - no sign of disease |
| Disease | infection leads to change of state of physical health |
| Normal Microbiota | flora - establish after birth - 1x10 13 body cells with 1 x 10 14 bacteria = permanent residence without disease |
| Transient microbiota | colonize for short period |
| Microbial Antagonism | prevent colonization of pathogens - sbustances harmful to pathogens or change environment |
| Symbiosis | commensalism, mutualsism, and parasitism |
| Commensalism | one +/ other neutral |
| Mutualism | one +/ one + vitamin production for nutrients |
| Parasitism | one +/ other - pathogens |
| Opportunistic Organisms | potentially pathogenic organisms - weakened/ compromised host or access where normally denied - special symbionts in some people are pathogens in most = carriers |
| Etiology Koch's postulates | 1877 - not all diseases are caused by microbiota |
| Not all diseases are caused by microbiota | same pathogen must be present in every case of disease, pathogen must be isolated from diseased, pathogen must cause disease and pathogen must be isolated from inoculated animal |
| Problem with Koch's postulates | can't be cultured on artificial media, different pathogens cause same disease with same symptoms, some pathogens cause several diseases |
| Acute Disease | develops rapidly, short duration tone exposure |
| Chronic Disease | slow develop, body reaction may be less severe, continual or recurrent for long duration |
| Subacute | between chronic or acute |
| Latent Disease | causative agent inactive for a time and becomes active to produce symptoms |
| Local Infection | localized to small infection |
| Systemic Infection | microbes/ products spread throughout by circulatory or lymphatic system |
| Focal Infection | local infection spread to other parts of the body |
| Bacteremia | bacteria in blood - non-dividing - using bloodstream to move |
| Septicemia | bacteria dividing in blood |
| Toxemia | toxins in the blood |
| Viremia | viruses in the blood |
| Primary Infection | acute infection that caused the initial illness (H1N1) |
| Secondary Infection | caused by opportunistic microbe after primary weakened host |
| Subclinical Infection | does not cause noticeable illness (HIV) |
| Symptoms | changes in body function - subjective (pain, malaise, vertigo) can't measure |
| Signs | observable and measurable changes |
| Syndrome | signs + symptoms consistant |
| Communicable Disease | disease spreads from one host to another directly or indirectly |
| Contagious | easily move |
| Noncommunicable Disease | not spread from host to host - caused by microbes normally in body or that reside outside and cause disease when introduced into body |
| Incidence | fraction of pop. that contracts disease during particular period |
| Prevalence | fraction of pop. that has disease at specified time |
| Sporadic Disease | occurs occasionally |
| Endemic | constantly present in pop. |
| Epidemic | many people acquire disease in short amount of time |
| Pandemic | epidemics worldwide |
| Emerging Infectious Disease | new/ changing diseases |
| Reservoirs | continual source of pathogens (living/ non-living) |
| Humans | carrier |
| Animals | zoonoses - animal to human - 150 diseases |
| Non-living | soil and water |
| Direct | physical contact between its source and host (no intermediate host/ object) person to person. direct contact |
| Indirect | as direct, but with intermediate object (fomite) |
| Droplet Transmission | microbes in droplet nuclei (mucus) to other host short distance |
| Vehicle | transmission of disease agent by a medium water, food and air |
| Water bourne | sewage contamination |
| Food Bourne | pooly cooked, handled |
| Airborne | droplet nuclei in dust that travels over 1 meter |
| Vectors | arthropods - insects |
| Mechanical | passive |
| biological | active |
| Nosocomial Infections | microbes in hospital (opportunistic + antibiotic resistant - compromised host (immune system suppressed + broken skin) - chain of transmission in hospital (staff to patient, patient to patine, indirect contact through fomites) |
| Control of nosocomial Infections | aseptic techinques, handling contaminated materials, handwashing, and isolation rooms |
| Sequence of Disease | reservoir of infection, pathogens transmitted, invasion (entry and colonization), injures by pathogenesis (direct injury + toxins vs. resistance of host, and portal of exit |
| Predisposing Foctors | something making the body more susceptible to disease (gender, genetic background, climate/weather, inadequate nutrition, fatigue, age, emotional distress, enviornment, havits, life-style or occupation and prexisting illness |
| Mononucleosis | direct contact |
| Measles | Direct Contact |
| Hepatitis A | Direct Contact |
| Salmonellosis | Vehicle Transmission |
| Tetanus | Indirect Contact |
| Chlamydial Urethritis | Direct Contact |
| Malaria | vector |
| Tuberculosis | droplet |
| Nosocomial infections | vector or indirect |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace
!