| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What is food used for - why is it important? | build products, repairs old parts, and produces energy |
| What are the 6 nutrients food contains? | proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water |
| What are the food groups we get nutrients from? | dairy, meat and protein, fruits and vegetables, and grains and grain products |
| How is energy measured? | Calories |
| What is a calorie? | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree Celcius |
| What does the number of calories a person needs depend upon? | the person's size, body build, occupation, and age |
| What does BMR stand for - and what is it? | Basic Metabolic Rage - is the energy needed to keep an awake but resting body functioning |
| What does the body need proteins for? | building and repairing body parts |
| What are the building blocks of protein? | amino acids |
| What must happen for the body to be able to use proteins? | must be broken down or digested into amino acids |
| How many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What are amino acids that come from the diet called? | essential amino acids |
| What are complete proteins? | foods that contain all 8 essential amino acids |
| What does polysaccharides stand for? | many sugars |
| Where does starch come from? | plants |
| Where is glycogen stored? | liver and muscle |
| What must polysaccharides be broken down into? | monosaccharides |
| What does disaccharides mean? | two sugars |
| What is the name for table sugar? | sucrose |
| What does monosaccharide mean? | one sugar |
| What is an example of a disaccharides? | table sugar or sucrose |
| What is an example of a monosaccharide? | glucose or simple sugar |
| What does fat supply the body with? | 2 times the energy and calories that carbohydrates and proteins do |
| What is the purpose of fat? | cushions and protects vital organs |
| What is unsaturated fat? | fat that is liquid at room temperature |
| What is an example of an unsaturated fat? | oil - cooking oil |
| What is a saturated fat? | fat that is solid at room temperature |
| What helps the body regulate growth and normal body functions? | vitamins |
| What does it mean when vitamins are fat soluble? | can be stored in fat tissue |
| What are some vitamins that are fat soluble? | Vitamins A, D, E, and K |
| What does it mean when vitamins are water soluble? | they can't be stored and are excreted daily |
| What are some examples of vitamins that are water soluble? | Vitamins C and B-complex vitamins |
| What do minerals do? | help the body function normally |
| What is needed for most chemical reactions? | water |
| What does water do - why does the body need it? | for chemical reactions, to carry all the nutrients, help maintain body temperature |
| How much water is in the human body? | 55 % to 75 % |
| How much water SHOULD you drink each day? | 2.4 to 2.8 liters which is 10 to 12 glasses per day |
| What is the lab test for protein? | Biuret - blue purple |
| What are some examples of complete proteins (contains all of the 8 essential amino acids? | red meat, fish, poultry, and dairy products |
| What are some examples of incomplete proteins (missing 1 or more of the assential amino acids)? | rice, cereals, soybeans, beans, and peas |
| Why does the body need proteins? | repair of tissue, the manufacture of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies |
| What is the lab test for carbohydrates? | starch = iodine monosaccharide or simple sugar = Benedict's;blue-orange-green-brown |
| What are some examples of healthy sources of carbohydrates? | cereals, breads, fruit, and vegetables |
| Why does the body need carboyhdrates? | energy source and for fiber or bulk in the diet |
| What is the lab test for fats? | spot test |
| What are some sources of fat? | nuts, butter, vegetable oils, fatty meats, cheese |
| Why does the body need fat? | energy source |
| Where does the body get vitamins - which foods? | milk, butter, lean meats, leafy vegetables, fruits |
| Why does the body need vitamins? | prevention of deficiency diseases, regulation of body processes, and growth |
| What are some substances that are mineral salts? | calcium & phosphorus Compounds |
| Where does the body get minearal salts and calcium & phosphorus compounds? | whole-grain cereals, meats, milk, vegetables, table salt |
| Why does the body need mineral salts and calcium & phosphorus compounds? | strong bones and teeth, for the blood and other tissues |
| What are some food sources of iron? | meats, nuts, cereals |
| Why does the body need iron? | hemoglobin formation |
| What are some sources of iodine? | iodized salt and seafoods |
| Why does the body need iodine? | for secretion by thyroid gland |
| What are some examples of foods that contain water? | all foods |
| Why does the body need water? | for dissolving substances, the blood, and biochemical reactions |
| Which vitamin has carotene? | Vitamin A |
| What type of vitamin is vitamin A? | fat soluble |
| What are some food sources of vitamin A? | yellow and green vegetables such as carrots, butter, egg yolks |
| How does the body use Vitamin A? | for healthy skin, vision |
| What type of vitamin is vitamin D? | fat soluble |
| What are some sources of vitamin D? | made by the body when exposed to sunlight; added to milk |
| How does the body use vitamin D? | for strong bones and teeth |
| What type of vitamin is vitamin E? | fat soluble |
| What are some sources of vitamin E? | green leafy vegetables and grains |
| How does the body use vitamin E? | RBC (red blood cell) structure |
| What type of vitamin is vitamin K? | fat soluble |
| What are some sources of vitamin K? | green leafty vegetables, made by bacteria in the intestine |
| How does the body use vitamin K? | for blood clotting |
| What type of vitamins are the B-complex vitamins? | water soluble |
| What are some sources of the B-complex vitamins? | whole grains, leafy vegetables, meat, milk, and eggs |
| How does the body use the B-complex vitamins? | for normal growth, metabolism of energy, carboyhdrates and amino acids, and for formation of RBCs (red blood cells) |
| What type of vitamin is vitamin C? | water soluble |
| What is another name for Vitamin C? | asorbic acid |
| What are some sources of vitamin C? | citrus fruits, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables |
| How does the body use vitamin C? | for strenght of blood vessels; for healthy connective tissue and healthy gums? |
| What are some sources of the mineral calcium? | milk products, green leafy vegetables |
| How does the body use the mineral calcium? | for strong bones and teeth |
| What are some sources of the mineral Iron? | red meat, grains, raisins, nuts |
| How does the body use the mineral Iron? | for part of the hemoglobin molecule in blood (carries O2) |
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