Chapter 1
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Created by:
bmsuncoast2014 on June 26, 2012
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Human Geo
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84 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absolute location | Position on Earth's surface defined by latitude and longitude |
| Alexander von Humboldt | (1769-1859) German scientist who advanced the field of physical geography through his research and emphasis on the impact of physical features on regions |
| Arable land | Land that can be used for growing crops |
| Cajun | Descendants of the French Canadians from Nova Scotia who settled in areas surrounding the bayous of Louisiana |
| Cardinal directions | Directions associated with the compass points north, south, east, and west |
| Carl Ritter | (1779-1859) German geographer who theorized that physical environment played a significant role in the development of human societies |
| Carl Sauer | (1889-1975) American geographer who developed the field of cultural geography and emphasized the relationship between different cultures and their environments |
| Cartography | The science or practice of making maps |
| Cognitive map | Mental associations unique to an individual's perception |
| Compass rose | Symbol that represents the orientation of cardinal directions on a map |
| Contagious diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion in which an idea or characteristic diffuses rapidly throughout the population |
| Creole | A person who is a descendant of early French or Spanish settlers of the United States Gulf states |
| Cultural landscape | The tangible products resulting from the complex interaction between people and their environments |
| Cultural region | An area in which people share the same culture, which usually means the same history, beliefs, and languages |
| Culture | The sum of all customs arts, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by a group of people |
| Desertification | The degradation of arid or semiarid land so that it becomes desert |
| Diffusion | The process by which an idea, innovation, or characteristic spreads from one place to another |
| Distance decay | The farther away different places are from an original site, the less likely the interaction with the original place will be |
| Ecumene | An area of Earth that is inhabited by permanent human settlements |
| Elevation | The height of an area relative to sea level |
| Emigrant | A person who leaves one area for another |
| Environmental determinism | The belief that the physical environment determines societal development |
| Environmental geography | The study of the effects of human activities on Earth's physical systems |
| Environmental perspective | A perspective focused on the interaction between physical and human systems or between natural landscapes and societies |
| Expansion diffusion | The spread of a feature from one place to others through expansion rather than the movement of people |
| Formal region | An area whose defining characteristic, such as climate or the nationality of people who live there, is found throughout in the region |
| Free-response question | A type of question used on the AP Human Geography Exam that requires the test-taker to write a short essay and support it with facts and examples |
| Functional region | A region that is linked by a particular activity or function, such as a transportation system or an economic activity, and organized around a central point, or node, which is connected to places within the region |
| Geographic Information System (GIS) | A computer-based mapping technology that uses a variety of geographic information about an area |
| Geography | The study of Earth's physical and human features |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | A system of satellites that sends signals to receivers to determine the exact location of an object on Earth |
| Hearth | The original location of a new idea, innovation, or characteristic |
| Hierarchical diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion that extends from people or places of power to people and places of lesser power |
| Human feature | Geographic features that human beings made, such as infrastructure (roads, bridges, and tunnels), landmarks, and cities |
| Human geography | The study of human activities on Earth's surface |
| Industrial revolution | A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries during which major technological advancements transformed the nation from an agricultural society to an industrial society |
| Immigrant | A person entering an area or country to settle permanently |
| Intermediate direction | Northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast |
| Large scale | A scale using large ratio |
| Latitude | The system of numbers used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe |
| Longitude | The system of numbers used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe |
| Map perspective | The point of view of the cartographer including cultural perspectives or bias |
| Map scale | Viewing physical and human objects according to where they appear in space |
| Megacities | Cities that have a population greater than 5 million people |
| Mental map | Mental associations unique to an individual's perception |
| Meridians | Arcs that are formed around the globe between the North and South Poles |
| Migrant | A person who moves temporarily from one area of a country to another |
| Migration | The movement of people from one area of a country to another or to another country |
| Movement | The act of changing the position of something. Geographers study the movement occurring in space, such as the movement of information, people, and goods. |
| Non-ecumene | An area of Earth that does not have permanent human settlements |
| Pandemic | A widespread incidence of a disease in the world |
| Parallels | Arcs drawn parallel to the equator around the globe |
| Perceptual region | A region determined by people's mental images, or perceptions, of places |
| Physical features | The natural features of Earth, such as mountains, lakes, and deserts |
| Physical geography | The study of natural forces in Earth's physical and biological systems |
| Place | The combination of physical and human characteristics of a specific location |
| Possibilism | The belief that humans have a range of possible choices in adapting to their physical environment |
| Projection | A method of showing the curved Earth on a flat surface |
| Push-pull factors | Factors that either cause people to leave their homes or ones that draw them to another area |
| Quantitative methods | Research that relies on numerical measurements |
| Reference map | Maps used to locate or navigate between places |
| Region | An area of land that is defined by geographers as sharing common characteristics that set it apart from other regions |
| Relative location | Position on Earth's surface in relationship to physical or man-made features |
| Relative scale | The way in which areas of the world are grouped together for study |
| Relocation diffusion | Business and cultural diffusion which occurs when people move from one location to another |
| Remote sensing | A process that uses satellites or other similar methods to acquire data about Earth's surface |
| Rubric | An explicit set of criteria that correspond to a given number of points |
| Satire | A device, such as literature or a television program, that uses exaggeration to show human follies and misbehaviors |
| Scale | The ratio between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the surface of Earth |
| Scale of analysis | The way in which areas of the world are grouped together for study |
| Simplification | The process of eliminating unnecessary details on a map |
| Site | The living and nonliving features of a specific location |
| Small scale | A scale using very small ratio |
| Space-time compression | The idea that with increased technology the actual distance between two places is shrinking because it takes less time to travel between them |
| Spatial organization | The arrangement of physical and human objects on Earth's surface |
| Spatial perspective | Viewing physical and human objects according to where they appear in space |
| Stimulus | A sentence or two of text and often a visual, such as a map, table, diagram, or graph, that contains information that you need to answer the question |
| Stimulus diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion in which an underlying concept diffuses without the diffusion of the original product or process |
| Stupa | Dome-shaped Buddhist monuments that house sacred relics |
| Subsistence farming | Farming that provides only enough food for the personal consumption of the farmer and the farmer's family |
| Thematic map | Viewing physical and human objects according to where they appear in space |
| Toponyms | Names given to places on Earth |
| Transnational | Involving or operating in several nations |
| Trilateration | Determining absolute location using distance from three or more known locations |
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