lecture guide test
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cbecke77912 on June 26, 2012
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chapter 4
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98 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 how did removing certin brain tissue in cats affect muscle movements during dreming? | cats acted out their dreams |
| the study removing tissue from cats brain tissue showed | there is a center in the brain that keeps us from acting out our dreams |
| effects of sleep deprivation in humans | depends on how long deprived |
| one night sleep deprived | not much effects/ cranky |
| 48 hr of sleep deprivation | irratiable and impulsive suffer from poor judgement bad decision making |
| 100 hrs of sleep deprivation/ 4 full days | confusion *ampathy- when you just dont care |
| after 100 hrs of sleep deprivation | begin to act mentally ill have symptoms of parinoid schitzopherana hullusiganiations delusions-falty thinking process delusions of persecution-think ppl are out to get you delusions of grand dor- ppl believe they are someone their not, usuall some one important |
| record for sleep deprivation | 264 hrs, taking only 14 hrs of sleep to get back to normal |
| how often do people dream? | everyone dreams everynight during REM |
| people are more likely to report dreaming? | if you awaken them during REM, they can probably tell you what they were dreaming of |
| how many dreams do u have during each REM period? | several |
| How are dreams at the beginning of the night? | dull and trivial relate to things you did during the day |
| How are dreams as the night progresses? | dreams become more unusual, vivid, colorful, storylike and easy to remember |
| what do we tend to dream about? | things that are important and an intrest to us. |
| lucid dreaming | maintaining a low level of concious awareness during dreaming |
| what can happen during lucid dreaming? | may beable to reconize your dreaming may be able to take complete control of your dreams |
| Pavor Nocturinicus | night terror |
| when does night terrors or Pavor Nocturnicu occur? | stage 4 sleep |
| charictistics of night terror | dangerous dream see creatures inherated |
| what seems to cause night terrors? | its inherated extream stress |
| Anxiety nightmares. | dreams whos content is psychology disturbing to you |
| when do anxiety nightmares occur? | mostly during REM sleep but can occur during any stage |
| how do anxiety nightmares differ from night terrors? | occur during rem sleep very common |
| what is a drug? | and chemical substance which when taken in relatively small amounts, significally increase or decrease cellular activities somewhere in your body |
| what do drugs often affect and how? | the speed of neural firing, either slwing or speeding up neural firing |
| controlled use of poison | drugs |
| stimulants | drigs that increase neural firing, making you physically and or mentally |
| how do stimulants work? | affect Autonamic nervous system |
| autonomic nervous system | part of you nervous system that controls automatic, involuntary activities such as breathing, heart beat, and digestion |
| what is caffeine? | most common stimulant mild |
| what are amphetamines? | stimulant affecting the central nervous system |
| how safe are amphetamines? | abusing them can cause parinoid schizopherenia |
| paranoid schizopherenia | a seere mental illness involving delusions, hallucinations, faulty thinking and the idea that people are out to get you |
| what are depressants | drugs that slow down and inhibit neural firing |
| barbiturates | strong depressants that often are used as sleeping pills |
| what are tranquilizers? | drugs that help people relax and become less afraid of things not as strong as brbiturates valuim most common tranquilizer |
| how do tranquilizers work? | help you relax |
| what is asprin? | most common analgesic used world wide considered the wonder or maricle drug |
| analgesic- | pain killing drug |
| synthesized | artifically produced by man |
| how safe is asprin? | given to sick kids can cause mental illness 20% of all deaths by poisening are cause by asprin |
| opiates | narcotic drug derrived from the opium poppy powerful pain killing drug addictive used for centuries |
| morphine | powerful analgesic synthesized from the opium poppy pain killer predictable side effects |
| how is morphine made and used? | synthesized from opium poppy |
| when was morphine made? | 1806 |
| how is morphine used? | frequantly used medically |
| what are endorphins? | natural pain killers produced by ur brain can be as powerful as morphine |
| scientific name for endorphins | opioid peptides |
| what is enkephalin? | first of all endorphins to be discovered |
| how do morphine and other opiates affect endorphins? | the brain reconizes the opiates are there to fight pain brain cuts back production of endorphins endorphin levels drop and take 2-3 weeks to get back to normal left with the reduced ability to produce endorphins-positive feed back loop. |
| herion | synthesized endorphins stops the production of endorphins sometimes used medically in a persons last hours |
| why was herion developed? | was origanilly developed in the belief that it would be a safe- non addicting substitute to morphine |
| how safe is herion? | one use can cause addiction |
| what is nitrous oxide | laughing gas |
| who used nitrous oxide? | sergous and dentists to relax you |
| what was nitrous oxide replaced by? | local anestitics like peocaine and novocaine |
| procaine and novocaine | synthetic cocaine/local anestetics |
| what is cocaine? | a local anestic made from the leaves of a coca plant, that kills pain by inhibiting neural transmission in the area injected or put |
| what does cocain do? | in area injected stops neural firing |
| what did freud do with cocaine? | treat patients as a replacment for asprin |
| is cocaine addictive? | not addictive but extreamly habit forming |
| can experienced users distinguish it from a placebo? | no, but a new user can |
| hallucinogens | drugs that disrupt your perceptions by scrambling your processing of sensory input |
| what do hallucinogens cause? | hallucionations |
| what is lsd? | strong synthesized hallucinogenic doesnt occur naturally |
| How was LSD discovered? | discovered by a swiss scientists in 1943 on accident |
| is LSD a useful treatment for phychosis or other disorders? | no, LSD has no medical purpose |
| what is PCP? | angel dust a strong synthesized halluciongenic dissociative anestic |
| dissociative anesthetic | kills pain by seperating mind from the body |
| how dangerous is PCP? | accounts for 1/2 of all admissions to mental hospitals for drug related problems doesnt make you super strong, just makes you not realize your pain convolusions,rage,uncontrolable, coma,, and death |
| what are circadian rythems? | repeating 24 hr natural patterns |
| examples of circadian rythems | body temperature |
| what are biological clocks? | built in time keepers for bodily process |
| what do some biological clocks run on? | dream cycles are less than 24 hrs |
| what do other biological clocks run on? | menstruation cycle more than 24 hrs |
| are there really morning and evening people? | yes |
| what is adrenalin? | an arousal hormone secreted by the kidneys |
| how many more time evening people are there compared to morning? | 2x |
| what happens in stage 0 sleep? | pre sleep, falling asleep alpha waves |
| stage 1 sleep | irregular patterns, where real sleep begins |
| stage 2 | sleep spindles |
| sleep spindles | burst of brainwaves occuring 13-16 times per second |
| how many times per second do burst of brain waves occure in sleep spindles? | 13-16 |
| stage 3 sleep | transition to deep sleep, sleep spindles disappear |
| stage 4 sleeep | deep sleep delta waves |
| delta waves | large slow waves about four cycles per second |
| stage 1 REM sleep | rapid eye movement brain shows beta waves where most dreaming occurs also known as paradoxical sleep |
| how long is the first cycle of sleep? | about 90 mins |
| 0.1.2.3.4.3.2.REM | first sleep cycle |
| 2.3.4.3.2.REM | 2nd and additional cycles |
| charistics of first sleep cycle | only stage with 0 shortest REM period lasting 8-15 min longest stage 4 of night |
| later sleep cycles Rem period | at least 4 mins |
| how do your eyes move during REM sleep? | in short burst lasting a few seconds to a couple of minutes can be up to 2-5 mins b/t burst |
| which hemisphere control dreams mostly? | right b/c the right is the emotional side and most dreams have emotional content and low verbal content |
| how do they know for sure that the right hemisphere controls dreaming? | right side is more electrically active during dreaming |
| voluntary muscels | the muscels you conciously have control over |
| what happens to voluntary muscels during REM sleep? and y? | they become paralized as a built in safty device so you dont act out your dreams |
| sleep paralisis | when you awake and your muscels are still paralized |
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