final study guide
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Created by:
lilmissie80 on June 26, 2012
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144 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell | basic unit of structure and function |
| protoplasm | colorless, jelly like substance that contains food elements like protein, fats, carbs and minerla salts |
| except protoplasm | principle part of a celll |
| differentiation | repeated division of the ovum during early development that renders specialized cells unique |
| anabolism | metabolic process of buliding larger molecules from smaller ones |
| ectoderm | layer of embrionic cells that form the glands of the skin, liining of mouth, anal canal, and nervous system |
| perichondrium | membrane covering cartilage |
| adipose tissue | areolar tissue w/ alot of fat cells is |
| coronal | body front to back |
| cranial | cavity that the brain is in |
| stratum germinativum | deepest layer in epidermis |
| acidic | healthy skin is moist, soft and slightly..... |
| sudoriferous | glands that respond to elevated body temp resulting from environmental conditions or physical activity |
| arrector pili | goose bumps |
| wheal | insect bite, that dont last long |
| rosacea | oily skin and chronic inflammation of cheek and nose |
| basal cell carcinoma | least malignant and most common skin cancer |
| contact dermatitis | abnormal skin rash from chemicals |
| long bones | include bones of legs, fingers and toes |
| compact bone tissue | forms the hard bone in the shafts of the long bones and formed outside flat bones |
| spongy bone | inside long bones, its irregularly shaped spaces are defined by thin, bony plates |
| thoracic cage | consists of the ribs and sternum |
| patella | kneecap |
| synarthrotic joints | basicly immovable |
| tenovial | not in a class of joints |
| ball and socket | greatest range of motion |
| osteoarthritis | chronic disease of aging |
| 600 | number of muscles |
| smooth | muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | network of membranous channels in the muscle cells that realease calcium ions, causing muscle contractions |
| irritability | capacity of muscle to receive and react to stimuli |
| aerobic cellular respiration | occurs in cells mitochindria |
| type 2 | chicken is made of this type of muscle fibers |
| insertion of a | muscle is the more mobile attachment of a muscle to bone |
| synergists | muscles that help the prime mover are called |
| hypertrophy | enlargement of muscle breadth by repeated forceful muscle activity |
| heart enclosed in 2 layer membrane | pericardium |
| bicuspid valve | aka-mitral valve; located between the left atrium and left ventricle, allows blood to flow from left artium to left ventrcle |
| capillaries | smallest blood vessels |
| vasodilation | relaxation and enlargement of the arterial walls |
| hematoma | bleeding under skin, sometimes deep in body tissues |
| 50-60% | percentage of plasma in the blood |
| leukocytes | white corpuscles that protect the body from disease and infection |
| seratonin | is a vasoconstrictor that causes a vascular spasm that temporarily closed a blood vessel |
| aplastic | anemia occurs when bone marrow stops production of blood cells |
| afferent/sensory nerves | carry impulses toward the spinal cord and brain |
| dura mater | outer layer of meningies, fibrous connective tissue sheath covering the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrum | part of the brain stem-except |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates action of glands, smooth muscles and heart |
| sacral plexus | spinal nerves, merges to form several collateral nerves and one maim branch, the sciatic nerve |
| nociceptors | dectect pain in every tissue but the brain |
| golgi tendon organs | multi branches sensory nerve endings in tendons |
| progesterone | and esterogen, 2 hormones needed for female reproduction |
| gamete | cell that can unite with another gamete to form the cell that develops into a new individual |
| ovary | female sex gland |
| semineferous tubules | where sperm cells are made |
| testoserone | interstitial cells of leydig produce this male hormone |
| cowpers gland | 2 pea shaped glands below prostate gland |
| vagina | muscular tube leading from vulva opening to the cervix, lower part of the birth canal |
| uterus | pear shaped, muscular organ, made of upper portion, body and neck |
| menstration | uterine bleeding occurring every 4 weeks suring female reproductive period |
| found in plasma | ALL D, hormones, nutrients and carbon dioxide |
| right atrium | superior and inferior vena cava empties in to |
| atherosclerosis | aka hardening of the arteries |
| hypertension | D- high blood pressure or HBP |
| brachicardia | heart rate below 60 beats per minute or slow heart rhythm |
| thrombosis | stationary blood clot |
| rapid heart beat | tachycardia |
| platelets are | D, neccesary for clotting, thrombocytes and formed elements in the blood |
| sinoatrial node or SA node | pacemaker of the heart |
| inherited blood disorder | sickle cell anemia |
| rh mom should be worried about fetalis | she should not be worried |
| heart is located | in thoracic and ventral cavity, mediastinum |
| slightly alkaline | healthy, normal blood ph |
| role of hemoglobing or rbcs | D-oxygen to the cells, carry hormones and carry carbon dioxide from the cells |
| universal donor | type O blood |
| hemophilia | x-linked inherited disorder usually males have ot |
| blood flow thru the heart in this order | right atrium right ventricle left artium left ventricle |
| dermis | collegen and elastin are 2 types of connective tissue found here |
| dermis | thicker and deeper of 2 primary skin layers |
| boil | furnuncle or carbuncle |
| epidermis | layer of skin with keratin |
| not a function of skin | movement |
| appocrine | suderiferous gland found in axilla and genitals |
| sebaceous | gland the secretes sebum or oil to protect and lubricate the skin and hair |
| impetigo | contagious bacterial infection in kids |
| wart | 3 kinds-common, plantar and veneral.....papillomavirus |
| primary function of muscular system except | D-protection |
| twitch | quick, jerky movement |
| motor unit | single motor neuron, along with muscle cells it attaches to is called |
| all or none | when mudcle fibers respond toa a threshhold stimulus and contrace completly |
| flexion | makes angle between bones smaller at the joint |
| atp, adenosine triphosphate | energy necessary for muscle contraction supplied by |
| voluntary muscles | D-striated and skeletal |
| extension | movement opposite of flexion |
| striated muscles | B-C cardiaca and skeletal |
| biceps brachii is prime mover | when elbow bends |
| helps maintain posture | tonic contraction of of type 1 muscles |
| smooth and involuntary | visceral muscles |
| isometric | lifting a 500 lb weight and and not moving it |
| example of rotation | shaking head no |
| during strenous exercise | D-oxygen debt and muscle contractions are tonic |
| isotonic | lifting book off table |
| muscles of a weightlifter compared to a runner | larger muscle cells |
| sarcomere | smallest most basic functional unit in skeletal muscle |
| when skeletal muscke contracts | D-heat, attachment is stationary bone at origin and attachment is more moveable at insertion |
| nerve cell-neuron made of | D-dendrites, axon, cell body |
| cauda equina | horse tail, formed by lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves |
| PNS made of | cranial and spinal nerves |
| sciatic nerve | biggest peripheral nerve |
| herpes zoster and shingles | viral infection that affects a single dermatone |
| brachial plexus | nerve plexus that supplies nerves to arm |
| arachnoid and pia mater between | cerebralspinal fluid |
| 2 way neuron pathway | most simple nervous system pathway |
| interneuron | another name for connecting neuron |
| efferent | motor neuron that carry impulses away from the brain |
| dendrites | D-send nerve impulses to the cell body and away from the cell body of a neuron |
| axons | D- have axon terminals, carry impulses away from cell body and have schwann cells |
| Autonomic system subdivision of | PNS |
| cranial nerve controlls movement of neck and shoulder muscles | CN11 |
| CNS made of | brain and spinal cord |
| 12 pairs | number of cranial nerves |
| nerves of parasympathetic nervous system originate | in brain and spinal cord |
| bone cells | reffered to as osteons |
| flat bone | not a type of bone |
| lordosis | swayback |
| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammatory joint disease |
| sprain | injury to ligaments |
| hematopoiesis | the process of blood cell formation |
| open fracture | compound fracture |
| bone building cells are | osteoblasts |
| cartilage cells are | chondrocytes |
| in a hinge joint | a synovial membrane |
| osteoclasts | bone resorbing cells, cell eating phagocytes |
| diathrotic joints | D-make up most joints in body and have a joint capsule |
| epiphyseal plate | can grow as long as cartilage in still in there |
| amphiarthroses | Cartilaginous or fibrous joints, slightly moveable pubic syntheses |
| bursae | flattened fibrous sacs lined w/synovial membrane, contains synovial fluid between bones and tissuses |
| number or vertebrae in adult skeleton | 26 |
| scoliosis | lateral curvature of spine |
| periosteum | tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone, attachment side for tendons and muscles |
| number of ribs in thoractc cage | 24 |
| epiphysis | where hematopoiesis occurs in the long bones |
| dislocation | sublexation |
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