Path - Neoplasia/2
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Created by:
ksingler2 Plus on June 27, 2012
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the term for 'new growth'? 'undergone heritable genetic changes'? | Neoplasia, Neoplasm |
| What are the 2 basic components of neoplasms? | parenchyma, stroma |
| What is the term for formation and development of collagen-rich fibrous tissue? example? | desmoplasia; scirrhous carcinoma |
| What are 3 preneoplastic changes? | hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia |
| What are the 2 neoplastic changes? | metaplasia, dysplasia |
| What is the term for when specialized epithelium is replaced by less specialized epithelium? reversible? | metaplasia; yes |
| What are 2 causes of epithelial metaplasia? | chronic irritation, vit A deficiency |
| What is the term for when the entire thickness of the epithelium is replaced by dysplastic cells? | carcinoma in situ |
| Is there preservation of the basement membrane in carcinoma in situ? | yes |
| What is the suffix of benign mesenchymal tumors? malignant mesenchymal tumors? | oma; sarcoma |
| What is the origin on mesenchymal tumors? | mesodermal |
| Which 2 cells lead to epithelial tumors? | endodermal, ectodermal |
| What is a benign epithelial tumor that projects from a mucosal surface? | polyp |
| when naming malignant tumors, what 4 things do you add? | organ, epithelium or gland structures, induces desmoplasia, produces mucin |
| What are mammary tumors, teratomas and nephroblastomas examples of? | mixed tumors |
| What germ cells do teratomas arise from? | totipotential |
| Which types of tumors have a mixture of adult and embryonic tissues? | teratomas |
| What is another term for undifferentiated/lack of differentiation? | anaplastic |
| What are the 4 characteristics of anaplasia? | pleomorphism, abnormal nucleus, high mitotic rate, loss of polarity |
| What are the 3 types of spread of malignant tumors? | transcoelomic, lymphatic, hematogenous |
| What is the term for the seeding of body cavities and surfaces? | transcoelomic |
| What are the steps of the metastatic cascade? 4 | loss of caderin, integrin bind to ECM, degradation of BM and ECM, migration stimulated by autocrine GF |
| What is the term for progressive accumulation of heritable changes in tumor cells? | tumor heterogeneity |
| What is generated during tumor heterogeneity? | subclones |
| Which type of neoplasia infiltrate the gastric wall and spread throughout peritoneum? | gastric carcinomas |
| Which stain do you use to diagnose mucinous gastric carcinoma? | Alcain blue/PAS |
| What is the incidence of age-adjusted cancer in dogs and humans? (per 100,000) | 381 |
| What 3 things are observed in tumor cells? | DNA mutations, epigenetic changes, chromosomal alterations |
| What are the 3 steps of tumor development? | initiation, promotion, progression |
| How is a tumor formed? | clonal expansion of single precursor cell with genetic damage |
| What are the 4 classes of normal regulatory genes? | proto-oncogenes, tumor suppuressor, apoptosis, DNA repair |
| Which gene acts as a molecular policeman when facing damage to the genome? | p53 |
| What are the 7 changes in cell physiology that together determine malignant phenotype? | growth signals, apoptosis evasion, DNA repair defect, limitless replicative potential, angiogenesis, invade/metastasize, escape immunity |
| What can tumor Ag be used for? 3 | diagnosis, monitoring, immunotherapy |
| What are the major immune defense mechanism against tumors? | CD8+ |
| What are the secondary immune defense mechanisms against tumors? 2WBC, 1 cytokine | NKC, MO, IFN-g |
| What activates MO? | IFN-g |
| what causes dimerization, protein cross-links in DNA molecules, formation of cholesterol alpha oxide? | UV radiation |
| What is the term for an indirect and remote effect that is caused by tumor cell products that cause unexplained symptoms in cancer patients? | paraneoplastic |
| What is the most frequently observed paraneoplastic syndrome - esp in dogs? | hypercalcemia of malignancy |
| What is hypercalcemia of malignancy due to? | production of calcemic humoral substances |
| What is the calcemic humoral substance produced during hypercalcemia of malignancy? | PTHRP |
| Is hypercalcemia due to osteolysis by skeletal metastases a paraneoplastic syndrome? | no |
| What are the 6 signs of hypercalcemia? | weakness, arrhythmia, anorexia, vomiting, renal failure, pupd |
| What 4 things besides tumors cause hypercalcemia? | hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, hypoadrenocorticism, hypervitaminosis D |
| What 2 things is hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy known as? | Marie's Disease |
| What is the disease: multiple benign cutaneous lesions with bilateral renal disease? | nodular dermatofibrosis |
| What are the 3 things caused by underlying bilateral renal disease? | polycystic kidneys, renal cystadenomas/ cystadenocarcinomas |
| What is used to diagnose tumors? | immunohistochemistry |
| delete | yes |
| How are tumors graded? | I to IV |
| What is involved with tumor staging? | size of pimary tumor, spread to ln, hematogenous metastases |
| What is the system of staging? | TNM |
| What does T stand for? N? M? | primary tumor, LN involvement; blood borne metastases |
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