Sociology Ch.5
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Social Network | refers to individuals linked together by one or more social relationships CONNECTING us to larger society. -important b/c get us jobs or favors |
| As Networks move from micro,meso,¯o | get larger -interactions become more formal as we move up. |
| Social Interactions | consist of 2 or more individuals purposefully relating to each other. |
| Norms affect Social interactions | Shapes the way ppl percieve the circumstances. -tel us what is right & proper behavior. |
| Non-verbal Communication | -thumbs up -facial expressions -hand gestures. |
| Social Significant of social space | needs to be comfortable or proper varies w/ the culture settings, gender, status, & social context. |
| Rational Choice Theory explains the Interaction Process by | -Expectation of Reciprocity ( a mutual exchange of favors):getting back what you expected. -if the benefits of the interaction are high & cost is low, the interaction is valued. |
| Symbolic Interaction Theory explains the interaction process by | focuses on how individual interprets the situations & how it affects their actions. |
| Ethnomethodology | Study formation of ground rules underlying social interaction & ppl's responses to violation of norms. |
| Dramaturgy | individuals perform according to societies script for the situation; they take consideration how their actions will influence others. -certain role you are expected to say (ie) hi, how are you...... good, thank you |
| Front-Stage Behavior | the behavior safest w. casual acquaintances b/c it is scripted & acted to the public to create an impression. |
| Back-Stage Behavior | letting your feelings show & behaving in ways that might be unacceptable for others audiences. |
| Social Status | Position you hold in the social world. -defines how we interact w/ others & how others react to us in a specific situation. -each individual hold many status, comes with roles that you play. (ie) sister, mother, brother, employee |
| Ascribed Status | often assigned at birth & doesn't change durning an individuals lifetime. (ie) gender, race, ethnicity |
| Achieved Status | chosen or earned by decisions one makes & sometimes by personal ability. (ie) higher education |
| Master Status | main status(takes priority) -at a particular time or under certain circumstances one of the individual status will become most important & take priority over others. |
| Roles | -Defines how each individual in an interaction is expected to act. -Every status in your network includes certain behaviors & obligations as you carry out the expected behaviors, rights, & obligations of status. -with each Status you have to play a Role. -ppl have many roles |
| Role Strain | tension between roles within one of the status |
| Role Conflict | Conflict between the roles of 2 or more status. |
| Groups | 2 or more ppl who interact w/ each other b/c of shared common interest, goal, experiences, & needs. -members feel they belong behavior & engage in structured interaction patters -establishes own goals. |
| Anomie | the state of normlessness -rules breakdown under extreme stress from rapid social change. |
| Durkheim study on suicide | found that suicide rates were not related to things like alcoholism, race, heredity,etc. but were related to changes in collective sentiments like depression. found there were three main types of suicide: -anomic: when a society or one of its parts are in disorder & lack norms for social behavior. -egoistic: when indvi. fees little social bond to a group. -altruistic: indvi. is willing to die for a group. |
| Primary Groups | close contacts & lasting personal relationships -provide sense of belonging & shared identity. |
| Secondary Groups | formal, impersonal, business like relationships. |
| Reference Groups | composed of members who act as role models & establish standards against which all members measure their conduct. |
| In-Groups | one to which an individual feels a sense of loyalty & belonging. |
| Out-Group | one to which an individual does not belong. |
| Bureaucracy | Specific types of large formal organizations that have the purpose of maximizing efficiency. -Characteristics: division of labor administration hierarch formal rules & regulations impersonal relationships emphasis on rationality & efficiency to reach goals. |
| Problems associated with Bureaucracies | Alienation Dissatisfaction Oligarchy Goal displacement |
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