Pharmacology - Test 1
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Medication Knowledge (5) | 1) Classification 2) Safe Dose Range 3) Correct method of administration 4) Expected therapeutic effects 5) ADE |
| Controlled or "scheduled" drugs | I - LSD, Heroin (most addictive) II - Narcotic analgesics III - Sedatives, anabolic steroid IV - Sedative-Hypnotics V - Partially controlled (least addictive) |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | The desired therapeutic or beneficial use of the drug |
| Pharmacokinetics | How a drug moves in the body: 1) Absorption 2) Distribution 3) Biotransformation 4) Excretion |
| Absorption | 1) Route of admission - Enteral: oral - Sublingual - Parenteral: IV, IM, Subq, Intradermal - Topical 2) Drug Solubility: liquid > tablets 3) Acid-base composition: water based drug is more soluble; some drugs need an acidic/alkaline medium 4) Site conditions |
| Distribution | From the bloodstream to the site of action Depends on: good blood supply and BP Drugs bind to proteins to be transported --> only free drugs can move into cells |
| Biotransformation | Metabolism or inactivating the drug Enzyme induction --> addiction Enzyme inhibition First pass effect |
| Excretion | Getting the drugs out of the body via, lungs, intestines, breast milk, kidneys (<-- #1 method) |
| Drug Effects on the Fetus | (Tetratogenicity) A - studies done on pregnant women B - Animal studies w/o effects C - Animal studies w/effects D - Evidence of human fetal risk E - Risk outweighs ANY potential benefit |
| 3 Categories for Pain | 1) Opiates - narcotics 2) Non-opiates: acetaminiphen, ASA, NSAIDS 3) Adjuvant analgesics: benzodiasopines, TCA, corticosteroids |
| Agonist - Opioid | "Drug that acts like...a pain killer" EX: Morphine |
| Agonist/Antagonist - Opioid | Drug that acts like a pain killer and it also blocks some actions of pain killer (to decrease addictive quality of drug) EX: pentazocine (Talwin) |
| Opiate Antagonist | Counter acts the effect of narcotics EX: Narcan |
| What increases risk of bleeding in NSDAIDS | Steroids Oral anticoagulants Lithium Oral hypoglycemics Alcohol Heparin |
| Anti-Anxiety & Sedatives | = Relaxation but large doses can = sleep |
| Hypnotics | = Sleep but small doses can = sedation |
| Sympathomimetic | same effect as stimulation of the SNS = adrenergic/cataecholamine = alpha adrenergic agonists = beta adrenergic agonists |
| Parasympathomimetic | same effect as stimulating PNS = cholenergic = Cholinomimetic |
| Sympatholytic | same effect as blocking SNS = anti-adrenergics = alpha/beta blockers |
| Parasympatholytic | same effect as blocking the PNS = anti-cholinergic = cholinergic blockers |
| Adrenergic Effects | Increase in HR/blood sugar/BP/sweating/blood coagulation/fatty acids Bronchi/pupil dilation Alpha receptors: vascoconstrict --> higher BP Beta1: cardiac -- (+)inotropic and (+)chronoctropic Beta2: lungs -- bronchodilation |
| Anti-adrenergic Effects | Decrease in HR/BP/CO/fatty acids/blood sugar Bronchi/pupil constriction Alpha receptors: vasodilation --> lower BP Beta1: cardiac (-)chronotropic and (-)inotropic Beta2: lungs -- brochoconstriction |
| Cholinergic Effects | "WET" Bronchi/pupil constriction Decrease in HR/BP Increase in salivation/HCL/sweating/voiding/GI mobility Vasodilation Nicotinic: skeletal muscles -- contraction Muscarinic: internal organs -- secretions |
| Anti-cholinergic Effects | "DRY" Bronchi/pupil dilation Increase in BP/HR Decrease in salivation/HCL/sweating/voiding/GI mobility Vasoconstriction |
| What does a release in histamine cause? | bronchoconstriction cough increase in capillary permeability increase mucus production stimulation of sensory peripheral nerve endings (itchy/pain) Dilation of capillaries stimulates the Vagus nerve |
| Antihistamine Indications | allergic rhinitis (seasonal allergies) anaphylaxis drug allergies blood transfusion reaction contact dermatitis |
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