Medical Terminology 7
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 AN/O | Anus. |
| CHOL/E | Bile or gall. |
| CHOLECYST/O | Gallbladder. |
| COL/O, COLON/O | Colon. |
| -EMESIS | Vomiting. |
| ENTER/O | Small intestine. |
| ESOPHAG/O | Esophagus. |
| GASTR/O | Stomach. |
| HEPAT/O | Liver. |
| -LITHIASIS | Presence of stones. |
| -PEPSIA | Digestion. |
| -PHAGIA | Swallowing. |
| PROCT/O | Rectum and anus. |
| RECT/O | Rectum. |
| SIGMOID/O | Sigmoid colon |
| aerophagia | The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach. |
| amebic dysentery | An intestinal disorder caused by a parasite. |
| anastomosis | A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses. |
| anorexia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight. |
| antiemetic | Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting. |
| aphthous ulcers | Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers. |
| ascites | An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
| bariatrics | The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases. |
| borborygmus | The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine. |
| botulism | Food poisoning characterized by paralysis and often death; caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. |
| bulimia nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting. |
| cachexia | A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS. |
| cheilosis | a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth. |
| cholangiography | A radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium. |
| cholangitis | An acute infection of the bile duct. |
| cholecystalgia | Pain in the gallbladder. |
| cholecystectomy | The surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
| cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones. |
| choledocholithotomy | An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones. |
| cholelithiasis | The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. |
| cholera | Severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . |
| cirrhosis | A progressive degenerative disease of the liver. |
| colonoscopy | The direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon, from the rectum to the cecum. |
| Crohn's disease | A chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon. |
| diverticulosis | The presence of a number of diverticula in the wall of the colon. |
| dyspepsia | Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion. |
| dysphagia | Difficulty in swallowing. |
| emesis | To expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out of the mouth; also known as vomiting. |
| enteritis | Inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens. |
| eructation | The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach. |
| esophageal varices | Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus. |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | The endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum. |
| gastroduodenostomy | The removal of the pylorus of the stomach and the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. |
| gastrostomy tube | The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach. |
| hematemesis | Vomiting blood. |
| Hemoccult | A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test. |
| hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or damage from toxic substances. |
| herpes labialis | Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters. |
| hiatal hernia | The protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm. |
| hyperemesis | Extreme, persistent vomiting that may lead to dehydration. |
| ileus | The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the cessation of intestinal peristalsis. |
| inguinal hernia | The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin. |
| jaundice | A yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood. |
| melena | The passage of stools with a black and tarlike appearance that is caused by the presence of digested blood. |
| morbid obesity | The condition of weighing two or three times, or more, the ideal weight; also known as clinically severe obesity. |
| nasogastric intubation | The placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach. |
| obesity | An excessive accumulation of fat in the body. |
| periodontium | The bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth. |
| peristalsis | A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction. |
| proctopexy | Surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ. |
| regurgitation | The return of swallowed food into the mouth. |
| salmonellosis | An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces. |
| sigmoidoscopy | The endoscopic examination of the interior of the entire rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon. |
| stomatorrhagia | Bleeding from any part of the mouth. |
| trismus | Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer. |
| ulcerative colitis | A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation. |
| volvulus | Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction. |
| xerostomia | The lack of adequate saliva due to the absence of or diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth. |
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