CHAPTER 11: The Endocrine System- Section B:The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
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karlakarlakarla on June 28, 2012
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | polypeptide hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol; also called corticotropin |
| anterior pituitary gland | anterior portion of pituitary glandj; synthesizes, stores, and releases ACTH, GH, TSH, PRI, FSH, and LH |
| antidiuretic hormone | vasopressin |
| beta-endorphin | putative hormone released form the anterior pituitary gland. believed to play a role in adaptation to stress and pain relief; also acts as a neurotransmitter |
| beta-lipotropin | a protein formed form the proopiomelanocortin precursor in the anterior pituitary gland, believed to play a role in adaptation to stress and pain relief; also acts as a neurotransmitter |
| corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) | hypophysiotropic peptide hormone that stimulates ACTH (corticotropin) secretion by anterior pituitary gland |
| dopamine (DA) | biogenic amine (catecholamine) neurotransmitter and hormone; precursor of epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | protein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland in males and females that acts on gonads; a gonadotropin |
| gonadotropic hormone | hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that controls gonadal function; FSH or LH; aka gonadotropin |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | hypophysiotropic hormone that stimulates LH and FSH secretion by anterior pituitary gland in males and females |
| growth hormone (GH) | peptide hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates insulin-like growth factor 1 release; enhances body growth by stimulating protein synthesis |
| growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) | hypothalamic peptide hormone that stimulates growth hormone secretion by anterior pit gland |
| hypophysiotroic hormone | any hormone secreted by hypothalamus that controls secretion of an anterior pituitary gland hormone |
| hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessel | small veins that link the capillaries of the median eminence at the base of the hypothalamus to capillaries that bathe the cells of the anterior pituitary gland; neurohormones are secreted from the hypothalamus into these vessels |
| hypothalamus | brian region below thalamus; responsible for integration of many basic neural, endocrine, and behavioral functions, esp. those concerned with regulation of internal environment |
| infundibulum | the stalk of tissue connecting the median eminence at the base of the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland |
| insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) | insulin-like growth factor that mediates mitosis-stimulating effect of growth hormone on bone and other tissues and has feedback effect on anterior pituitary gland |
| long-loop negative feedback | inhibition of anterior pituitary gland and/ or hypothalamus by hormone secreted by third endocrine gland in a sequence |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | peptide gonadotropic hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; rapid increase in females at midmenstrual cycle initiates ovulation; stimulates Leydig cells in males |
| median eminence | region at base of hypothalamus containing capillary tufts into which hypophysiotropic hormones are secreted |
| oxytocin | peptide hormone synthesized in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary; stimulates mammary glands to release milk and uterus to contract |
| pituitary gland | endocrine gland that lies in bony pocket below hypothalamus; constitutes anterior pit gland and posterior pit gland |
| posterior pituitary gland | portion of pituitary gland from which oxytocin and vasopressin are released |
| prolactin | peptide hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates milk synthesis by mammary glands |
| short-loop negative feedback | influence of hypothalamus by an anterior pituitary gland hormone |
| somatostatin (SS) | hypophysiotropic hormone that inhibits growth hormone secretion by anterior pituitary gland; possible neurotransmitter; also found in stomach and pancreatic islets |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | glycoprotein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; induces secretion of thyroid hormone; also called thyrotropin |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | hypophysiotropic hormone that stimulates thyrotropin and prolactin secretion by anterior pituitary gland |
| vasopressin | peptide hormone synthesized in hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary gland; increases water permeability of kidneys' collecting ducts and causes vasoconstriction; also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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