| Term | Definition |
| polis | a city state of Ancient Greece |
| acropolis | a walled, high area containing fortifications and tempeles and located in the center of polis |
| agora | an open area that served as a meeting place and market in early Greek city-states |
| helots | in ancient greece, state slaves |
| hoplites | foot soldiers in ancient greece |
| hubris | great pride |
| democracy | a government run by the people |
| tyrant | a strong man who seized power by force and claimed rule for the good of the people |
| direct democracy | the type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue |
| archon | a cheif of state of ancient Athens |
| phalanx | a military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes of heavy spears |
| reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| logic | the process of making the inferences |
| lyric poetry | a type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre, an instrument that played while the poetry was sung |
| Hellenistic | the blending of greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great |