Organic Functional Groups
Order by
14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hydroxyl | -OH, a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule |
| Carbonyl | >CO, consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond |
| Carboxyl | -COOH, an oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to -OH |
| Amino Acids | -NH2, consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton |
| Sulfahydryl | -SH, consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; resembles a hydroxyl |
| Phosphates | -OPO3, a phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton, two oxygens carry negative charges |
| Methyl | -CH3, consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms, does not have to be bonded to the carbon skeleton |
| Hydroxyl | it is the defining functional group in alcohols, appearing pervasively throughout organic chemical structure and biochemical structure—in sugars, and in some amino acids and phospholipids, and so in all biological barriers. One cannot overstate its centrality in all chemistry, especially because of its necessary targeting in organic synthesis, and its roles in enzyme catalysis and inhibition, and in the formation of biological structures, both via its hydrogen bonding capability. This capability underlies protein-ligand interactions, and imparts water solubility and internal structural stability to macromolecules, etc. |
| Carbonyl | urea and the carbamates, the derivatives of acyl chlorides chloroformates and phosgene, carbonate esters, thioesters, lactones, lactams, hydroxamates, and isocyanates. Examples of inorganic carbonyl compounds are carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide. |
| Carboxyl | Brønsted-Lowry acids because they are proton (H+) donors. They are the most common type of organic acid. Among the simplest examples are formic acid H-COOH, which occurs in ants, and acetic acid CH3-COOH, which gives vinegar its sour taste. |
| Amino Acids | important in nutrition and are commonly used in nutrition supplements, fertilizers, food technology and industry. In industry, applications include the production of biodegradable plastics, drugs, and chiral catalysts. |
| Sulfahydryl | Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl group of an alcohol), and the word is a portmanteau of "thio" + "alcohol," with the first word deriving from Greek θεῖον ("thion") = "sulfur". They often referred to as mercaptans. The term mercaptan is derived from the Latin mercurium captans (capturing mercury) because the thiolate group bonds so strongly with mercury compounds. |
| Phosphates | a polyatomic ion with a molar mass of 94.97 g/mol. It consists of one central phosphorus atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. It carries a negative three formal charge. |
| Methyl | alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The group is often abbreviated Me. Such hydrocarbon groups occur in many organic compounds. It can be found in three forms: anion, cation and radical. The anion has eight valence electrons, the radical seven and the cation six. All three are highly reactive and rarely observed. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.