Oncology
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thrombocytopenia | Decrease in platelets. |
| Nociceptive Pain | Result of activation of nociceptors pain fibers deep in cutaneous tissue. |
| Somatic Pain | Arises from bone joint or connective tissue; well localized gnawing sensation. |
| Visceral Pain | Result of nociceptor activation in thoracic or abdominal tissue; can be pancreas, liver, GI poorly localized... cramping. |
| Mass Screening | screen entire population (PKU) |
| Selective or Prescriptive Screening | high risk populations (BRCAI, sickle cell) |
| Single Screening | looking for defect or condition. (BP check) |
| Multiple Screening | 2 or more defects or conditions; school vision and hearing. |
| Multiphasic Screening | screening over time; height, Denver Developmental Screening Test. |
| Prostate Screening | 50 years |
| Cervical Screening | 21 years of 3 years post inter |
| Morals | values or rules based on a clients conscience. Serve as guide to right/wrong behavior. |
| Ethics | From Greek word Ethos, means conduct, customs and character. A process of deciding best course of action when faced with conflict. |
| Data and Saftey Monitoring Board | Reports to IRB, monitors client safety in large clinical trials. |
| IRB | Institut. review board |
| Phase 1 Clinical Trials | Assist in developing safe drug levels and schedules of new drug using human subjects. |
| Phase 2 Clinical Trials | Usually focus of particular type of cancer, study safety and effect of drug on human body. |
| Phase 3 Clinical Trials | Compare new drug with standard therapy; usually large number of participants. |
| Phase 4 Clinical Trials | Long term safety and effectiveness; large number of participants needed. |
| Proto-Oncogenes | Genetic portion of DNA that regulates normal cell growth. Promote cell division |
| Tumor Supressor Genes | Genetic portion of DNA that stops, inhibits, or supersede cell division. |
| P53 | Is most common mutated tumor suppressor gene. |
| failure of _________ may lead to malignancy. | Apoptosis |
| Oncogenes | Altered forms of normal proto-oncogenes. May give rise to cancers. |
| Signal Transduction | process of transmitting information received on the cell membrane to the cell's nucleus. |
| Overproduction of RAS oncogenes have been identified in what cancers? | Pancreatic, colorectal, lung, and thyroid. |
| Invasion | cells divide, increase bulk, and secrete enzymes. Invade surrounding tissues. |
| Angiogenesis | Ability of tumor to grow new blood vessels. |
| Metastasis | Spread of primary tumor to distant sites. |
| Inherited Cancers occur via... | carcinogenic mutation in germ cells. Account for 10% of cancer in the USA |
| Methotrexate | does not mix with ASA or NSAIDS; increases risk of methotrexate toxicity. |
| Combination therapies that include etoposide and alk. agents... | cause increase FSH levels and azoospermia or olgiospermia in 30-40% mals. Test funct. may be normal if tx with etoposide and nonalkylating agents (vincrustine, doxorubiein) |
| Extravasation | Warm Pack Plant Alkaloids. Cold- all other chemos |
| DIC | only lab increase in DIC is D-Dimer and FDP titers; everything else decrease. |
| SIADH | too much ADH mostly from pituitary gland. |
| ADH | causes water to be reabsorbed instead of excreted through the kidneys. |
| SIADH | fluid restriction |
| Severe SIADH | High concentrate sodium IVF |
| Sepsis | T=>100x4, P>90, Resp>20, WBC> 12,000 |
| TLS | during cell kill. Give IVF |
| Lead time bias | cancer detected early but does not affect survival. |
| Pneumonectomy | whole lung removed |
| wedge recection | small wedge near lung surface |
| segmental resection | removal of 1 or more segments of lung |
| lobectomy | removal of lobe of lung |
| GCSF | granulocyte stimulating factor- stimulates myloid line; increases WBC's; starts 24 hours post chemo for 3-14 days. |
| Neulasta | long acting G-CSF |
| Infection | most common cause of death in person with cancer. |
| Very high Emetogenic | Cisplat, Cytoxan, Melphalan |
| High Emetogenic | Barbo, Cisplant, Etoposiac, Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, Doxrubicin |
| Low Emetogenic | Vinoustine; age less than 50 risk for N+V (may have more anticiporty nausea) |
| Ibuprofen use caution in... | liver disease |
| Increased risk DIC | leukemia, lymphoma, buliany, breast, colon, gastric, lung, pancreatic, prostate, melanoma |
| Temozolomidic | delayed neutropenia |
| IL2 | cytokine, based on the bodys own cytoxic response. Flu like symptoms, fever and chills. |
| Myclonus | jerking R/+ drg metabolites -->switch drug! |
| primary | diet exercise |
| secondary | prevention |
| oral mucusitis | oral cane. brush 90 seconds bid |
| Combination therapy | etoposide, cytoxin = azoospermia 30-40%post-pubertal men |
| Bleo | Anorexia+mucositis/esophagitis fever |
| Interferon, Interleukin + Vanc | Can produce a fever |
| 90% of all bowel obstruction occur in... | the small intestine (think: small- can't get through!) |
| Vinoustine | pred- may need stool softeners |
| Pelvic Exentenation | removes all reproductive organs + adjacent tissues; involves colon, bladder, ureters, and other organs. Freq requires colostomy and urostomy. |
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