microbiology
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Antonvon Leuwenhook | First to observe microorganisms using a simle microscope. Observed a variety of specimens and described them by calling them animacules |
| Pasteur | Ended the debate with his experiments. Demonstrated that microorganisms are everywhere. -Fermentation, Pasterization -Created ANthrax VAccine |
| Koch | Proved microorganisms caused dusease. Introduced Kochs postules |
| Jenner | Developed the practice of infecting people with the viruse of the mild disease cowpox |
| Ehrlich | Dreamed of magic bullet that could hunt and destroy a pathogen without hurting the host |
| Fleming | Discovered Penicillin by accident |
| Spontaneous Generation | A belief that some form of life can arise from nonliving matter. |
| Biogenesis | Life could only be created by pre-exsisting life |
| Germ Theory | Theory that all contagious disease are caused by microorganisms |
| Attenuatiton | Weaking in force or intensity |
| Chemotherapy | Treatment of disease, cancer by use of chemical drugs |
| Mycology | Study of Fungi |
| Virology | Study of viruses |
| Parasitology | Study of parastic organisms |
| Immunology | Study of immunity |
| Beneficial Activites by microbes | Medicine-Antibiotics Biotechnology Ecology Food- Health- Helps our digestive system |
| Bioremediation | Use of microorganisms metabolism to remove pollutants. Using organisms to clean up oil spills. Removes polluntants from soil and water. |
| Biotechnology | Involves use of living organisms and bioprocessing in engineering technology. Brewing, baking, cheesemaking |
| Limits that occure with Compound microscopes | Wave length of visable light. Limits size of object. Objects cannot be seen if smaller than 1/2 wave length |
| Types of microscopes | Brightfield - used to observe morphology of bacteria Darkfield - unstained. Used for observing spirchetes Phase-contrast - unstained living microrganisms Flourescence - Used to dectect microbes in cells. Transmission -Specimen viewed on screen Scanning - Examining surface features of cells and viruses |
| How to prepare specimens | 1. Make smear (air dry) 2.Heat fix (attatch bacteria to slide) 3.Stain (Basic or Acidic) |
| Simple Stain | Decets presence of bacteria and morphology (shape and size) |
| Differential stain | Gram stain to differentiate bacteria into gram+ gram-. Acid fast (TB test) |
| Special Stain | Used to distinguised parts of the cell. Capsule, endospore, flagella |
| Define Procaryote | 10xs smaller Bacteria/Archae. Single celled organism that neither has a distinct nucleus with membrane or other secial organelle. Always has chromosomes |
| Define Eukaryotic | Has multicellular with membrance bound nuclei. Very complex structure compared to Prokaryotic cells |
| Positive cell walls | Consists of several layers of peptidoglycan which form thick ridgid structure |
| Negative cell wall | Thinner more complex and more easily brokendown mechanically |
| Atypical Cell wall | Mycoplasma Myobacteria |
| Mycoplasm | Tiny bacteria. No cell wall. Hve sterols |
| Mycobacteria | Has cell wall. SImilar to gram positive -Mycobacterium. Tuberculosis -M. Lepral causes leprosy |
| Bacterial Reproduction | By Binary Fission |
| Classification | Plants Animals Fungi - mold yeasts Monera - prokaryotes, bacteria Protists - slime molds |
| Tax Hierarchy | Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
| Prion | Abnormal protein particle. Cases Cj disease |
| Viroid | Infectious entity affecting plants. Smaller than virus. Hep D? |
| Viruses | Nonliving cell. Must have host.DNA OR RNA not both |
| Latent virus | Herpes simplex virus is an example. Ability to stay dorment within a cell |
| Nutrional requirments | Chemohetertroph-HUmans, glucose, acetate Phototrophs: Bacteria use inorganic compound -Co2 uses light as energy -Cheniautrophs: Uses carbon dioxide -Hydrogen sulfate -Only in ocean Bacteria |
| Rod Shape | Bacillus Large Rod Links |
| Spherical | Coccus Cluster |
| Sphiral | Loose single |
| Coccobacillus | Very short rod. Always single |
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