| Term | Definition |
|---|
| DK—1 | In Olduvai Gorge. Area of concentration of stone tools + debris, gap of no tools, then concentration picks up again but it's dispersed. Base camp? Creating a trap? Storage place? May suggest that homo habolai were bringing food back to a centralized place to share. |
| Koobi Fora &Olduvai Gorge | Sites in Africa distinguished by a huge amount of stone tools |
| Oldowan Tradition | Hit one stone with another, remove flakes with the edge of stone, use flakes for tools. Use piece of stone left over as a tool as well. Multipurpose. Cutting, scraping, butchering, mashing vegetables. Don't do any tasks particularly well; do many tasks adequately. |
| What do stone tools indicate about the homo habolai? | Tools are INTEGRAL to adaptation. Using tools to augment what they can do physically in a very significant way. Imagination. Planning. Conceptualizing. Extended learning process without necessarily using language. Looking at a rock and seeing the potential of the tool. Steps that transform the rock into the imagined tool. Learning how to make tools takes time, contributes to prolonged dependence |
| Diet | Some bones come from relatively meaty parts of large animals—were these ancestors hunting large game? Homo Habalus—early access scavenger. Gets into the kill early after the hunt. Does take skill and communication. |
| Dmanasi | Black sea. Earliest migration out of Africa. Some individuals that looked like homo habolus, some looked like homo erectus. Represents a successful migration? |
| Acheulean | 1.8 million years ago to 2oo,ooo years ago. Tools—taking flakes from only one side of rock. You get a wavy, zigzag edge. 5oo,ooo years ago, this starts to change. Hand axes: Make long thin flakes, but core has a much straighter edge. Core – more compex kind of tool. |
| What does it mean when the tools are worked past necessity? | These tools may have had symbolic significance—conveyed a meaning that wasn't inherent in the object itself. Greater conceptual abilities? Greater imaginative capacity? |
| Schoningen | 400,000 years ago. Remains of extinct forms of elephant directly associated with the tools used to kill them. Points of spears hardened in fire. Very good evidence that these people were very capable of killing large game. |
| Tonalba / Ambrona | Between these sites, remains of 30 elephants were found. Probably representing numerous kills associated with clear stone tools. |
| Olorgesailie | Peninsula in Africa. Hand axes, acheulean tools. Killing baboons. Suggests cooperative hunting. Implies if not full language, a fairly complex form of communication system which is probably symbolic. |
| Paleolithic | Era in which humanity really starts to appear as a distinct line of descent culturally and physically. You can distinguish our lines of descent from ape lines of descent. |
| Sierra de Atapuerca | Bones show butchering marks—cannibalism. Failed migration—effort to move out of tropics into very cold climate, being trapped by cold, not able to adjust, eating each other. Migrations out of Africa were not smooth processes. |
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