| Term | Definition |
| Due process of law | Denies the government the right to deprive people of life liberty, and property |
| Equal protection of the law | A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government |
| Selective incorporation | Court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states |
| Freedom of expression | Right of people to speak, publish assemble |
| Freedom of religion | People shall be free to exercise their religion |
| Prior restraint | Censorship of a publication |
| Clear-and-present danger test | Law should not punish speech unless there was a clear and present danger of producing harmful actions |
| Libel | Writing that fasely injures another person |
| Symbolic Speech | An act that conveys a political message |
| Free-exercise clause | First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion |
| Establishment clause | First Amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion" |
| Wall of separation | Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion |
| Exclusionary rule | Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial |