Urinalysis Final Exam
About this set
Created by:
tan_legged_juliet on July 5, 2012
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
88 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What types of things listed can be considered pathological when found in urine?a. WBCs, RBCs, b. Bacteria c. epithelial cells d. Both A and B | d. Both A and B |
| What condition is associated with blue and purple color of urine? a. Bacterial infection treatment b. melanoma c. Bleeding d. Bilirubin- liver diseases | a. Bacterial infection treatment Purple discoloration can occur in alkaline urine as a result of the degradation of indoxyl sulfate (indican), a metabolite of dietary tryptophan, into indigo (which is blue) and indirubin (which is red) by bacteria such as Providencia stuartii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and enterococcus species. |
| Which of the following items are not considered pathogenic when found in a urine specimen? a. hair, pollen, powder b. semen, sperm, vaginal creams c. Yeast d. Both A and B | d. Both A and B |
| What color of urine might indicate the patient was taking medication for a urinary tract infection? | orange color associated with medication |
| What is the base line setting for QC of the refractometer, and what substance is used to check? | 1.000 using distilled water |
| What would cause a urine to turn dark when left standing for a while? | Homogentistic acid found in alkaptonuria Urine that turns dark upon standing could be from melanin, or homogentistic acid formed in the disease alkaptonuria. |
| possible cause of postrenal proteinuria is: A. multiple myeloma B. prostatitis C. posture D. glomerulonephritis | B. prostatitis |
| A urine specimen with a pH of 9.0 indicates that the patient should be: A. asked to collect a new specimen B. placed on medication to lower the pH C. tested further for metabolic or respiratory alkalosis D. changed to a high meat diet to lower the pH | A. asked to collect a new specimen |
| All of the following descriptions apply to orthostatic proteinuria except: A. urinary proteins are excreted only when the patient is lying down B. usually occurs without apparent disease C. is considered to be a functional, transitory proteinuria D. most commonly appears in young adults | A. urinary proteins are excreted only when the patient is lying down |
| Failure to blot the edge of the reagent strip may result in errors in color interpretation caused by: A. runover B. reagent leaching C. excess dilution D. chemical concentration | A. runover |
| Following a prehospital rotation physical, a medical technology student is requested to collect a first morning urine specimen. The physician is checking for: A. orthostatic proteinuria B. nocturnal proteinuria C. glomerulonephritis D. Bence Jones proteinuria | A. orthostatic proteinuria |
| Proper care of reagent strips includes all of the following except: A. storing in a clear container B. storing with a desiccant C. checking the expiration date D. preventing exposure to toxic fumes | A. storing in a clear container |
| Quality control on reagent strips must be performed whenever a/an: A. abnormal result is obtained B. new bottle of strips is opened C. student is training in the laboratory D. different person performs the test | B. new bottle of strips is opened |
| Reagent strip chemical tests may be inaccurate if the specimen is: A. tested immediately after it is voided B. mixed before delivery C. collected by catheter D. tested immediately after refrigeration | D. tested immediately after refrigeration |
| The normal range of urine pH is: | 4.5-8.0 |
| The principle of the reagent strip test for pH is: A. the protein error of indicators B. a double indicator reaction C. a Greiss reaction D. the diazo reaction | B. a double indicator reaction |
| The principle of the reagent strip test for protein is the: A. salting out of proteins B. protein error of indicators C. pH affect on bromthymol blue D. acid precipitation of protein | B. protein error of indicators |
| The protein section of the reagent strip is most sensitive to: A. globulin B. albumin C. mucoprotein D. Bence Jones protein | B. albumin |
| The reagent strip reaction that should be read last is the: A. bilirubin B. nitrite C. protein D. leukocyte esterase | D. leukocyte esterase |
| The SSA test should be performed on: A. specimens with Bence Jones protein B. urine that has been centrifuged C. all negative reagent strip proteins D. urine that has not been refrigerated | B. urine that has been centrifuged |
| The type of proteinuria least likely to be detected by reagent strip is: A. postrenal B. orthostatic C. prerenal D. renal | C. prerenal |
| To detect the presence of early renal disease, diabetic patients are tested for: A. Bence Jones protein B. microalbuminuria C. glucose and ketones D. orthostatic protein | b. microalbuminuria |
| When performing an SSA test, false-positive results may be obtained in the presence of: A. ketones B. radiographic contrast media C. glucose D. alkali | B. radiographic contrast media |
| When performing reagent strip quality control, the: A. negative readings should match within one color block of the reference value B. negative values except glucose and nitrite should be negative C. positive readings except protein and bilirubin should match the reference value D. positive readings should match the reference value by plus or minus one color block | D. positive readings should match the reference value by plus or minus one color block |
| When using the reagent strip protein method, false-positive results may occur in the presence of: A. Bence Jones protein B. radiographic contrast media C. highly alkaline urine D. large amounts of glucose | C. highly alkaline urine |
| Which of the following best describes the chemical principle of the protein reagent strip? A. Protein reacts with an immune complex on the pad, which results in a color change. B. Protein accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye, which results in a color change. C. Protein causes protons to be released from a polyelectrolyte, resulting in a color change. D. Protein causes a pH change on the reagent strip pad that results in a color change. | B. Protein accepts hydrogen ions from an indicator dye, which results in a color change. |
| Which of the following is a cause of prerenal proteinuria? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Prostatitis C. Multiple myeloma D. Pre-eclampsia | C. Multiple myeloma |
| When bilirubin is found in the urine, it can be assumed that: a. it is attached to protein b. it has passed through the small intestine c. the patient is diabetic d. it has been conjugated in the liver | d. it has been conjugated in the liver |
| The primary purpose of the Acetest tablets is to: a. detect beta-hydroxybutyric acid b. confirm positive reagent strip ketones c. test serum for increased ketones d. confirm a positive Clinitest result | c. test serum for increased ketones |
| The principle of the reagent strip test for bilirubin is that bilirubin: a. causes a color change when it binds to a buffered pH indicator b. binds to a diazonium salt to form a colored complex c. is oxidized to biliverdin d. causes a pH change detected by the reagent pad indicator | b. binds to a diazonium salt to form a colored complex |
| When performing an SSA test, false-positive results may be obtained in the presence of: A. ketones B. alkali C. glucose D. radiographic contrast media | D. radiographic contrast media |
| T/F Glucosuria is the same as glycosuria. | True |
| The protein section of the reagent strip is most sensitive to: A. albumin B. mucoprotein C. Bence Jones protein D. globulin | A. albumin |
| The principle of the reagent strip test for protein is the: a. acid precipitation of protein b. salting out of proteins c. pH affect on bromthymol blue d. protein error of indicators | d. protein error of indicators |
| The normal range of urine pH is: | 4.5-8.0 |
| Reagents must be labeled with all of the following except: a. preparation or opening date b. expiration date c. instructions for use d. safety information | c. instructions for use |
| T/F Bilirubin is a product formed in the liver from the breakdown of hemoglobin | True |
| Reagent strip chemical tests may be inaccurate if the specimen is: A. mixed before delivery B. tested immediately after refrigeration C. tested immediately after it is voided D. collected by catheter | B. tested immediately after refrigeration |
| The principle of the reagent strip test for pH is: a. a double indicator reaction b. the protein error of indicators c. the diazo reaction d. a Greiss reaction | a. a double indicator reaction |
| Reagent strip chemical tests may be inaccurate if the specimen is: a. mixed before delivery b. tested immediately after refrigeration c. tested immediately after it is voided d. collected by catheter | b. tested immediately after refrigeration |
| Reagent strip reactions for ketones react primarily with: a. acetone b. acetoacetic acid c. beta-hydroxybutyric acid d. all of the above | b. acetoacetic acid |
| Dipstick reactions for blood are based on the: a. peroxidase activity of hemoglobin b. oxidation of hemoglobin peroxidase c. reaction of hemoglobin with bromthymol blue | a. peroxidase activity of hemoglobin |
| T/F Microalbumin is a smaller molecule of albumin. | False |
| What action would you take with the following results: Color: YellowProtein: TraceBlood: Moderate Clarity: HazyGlucose: NegativeUrobilinogen: 1.0 EU Specific Gravity: 1.013Ketones: NegativeNitrite: Negative pH: 8.0Bilirubin: NegativeLeukocyte esterase: Negative Microscopic 4-8 WBC/hpf 20-25 RBC/hpf a. Call the floor because the urobilinogen is over the panic value b. Notify the floor that the specimen is too old c. Recheck the sediment d. Report the result | d. Report the result |
| The reagent strip test for nitrite is based on the: a. use of nitrite by bacteria present in the urine b. reaction of nitrite with the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria c. reduction of nitrate in urine to nitrite by bacteria d. reaction of bacterial nitrite with an aromatic amine to produce a pH change | c. reduction of nitrate in urine to nitrite by bacteria |
| Failure to blot the edge of the reagent strip may result in errors in color interpretation caused by: A. excess dilution B. runover C. reagent leaching D. chemical concentration | B. runover |
| Reagent strip reactions for WBCs are based on the detection of: a. bacterial peroxidase activity b. esterase activity c. reduction of indoxyl blue d. binding of a diazonium salt | b. esterase activity |
| Phenylketonuria) is caused by: a. excessive ingestion of milk products containing phenylalanine b. inability to metabolize tyrosine c. lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase d. a mousy odor in the urine | c. lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase |
| Lesch-Nyhan disease is an inherited disorder which a. is a disorder of purine metabolism b. results in the massive excretion or uric acid crystals c. patients suffer from mental retardation, severe motor defects, and gout d. all of the above | c. patients suffer from mental retardation, severe motor defects, and gout |
| Confirmation of maple syrup urine disease is made on the basis of: a. urine color b. a positive 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test c. a positive ferric chloride test d. amino acid chromatography | d. amino acid chromatography |
| The finding of a "blue diaper" is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of: a. phenylalanine b. tyrosine c. tryptophan d. cystine | c. tryptophan |
| The presence of maple syrup urine disease is first suspected by the presence of abnormal urine: a. color b. protein c. odor d. amino acids | c. odor |
| The presence of tyrosine and leucine crystals in the urine is associated with: a. alkaptonuria b. mental retardation c. PKU d. severe liver disease | d. severe liver disease |
| Urine with an odor of "sweaty feet" and a positive ketone test is indicates: a. cystinuria b. alkaptonuria c. organic acidemia d. tyrosyluria | c. organic acidemia |
| The Guthrie test is a: a. fluorometric procedure b. bacterial agglutination test c. bacterial inhibition test d. chemical procedure measured by spectrophotometer | c. bacterial inhibition test |
| Which of the following disorders results in the accumulation of large amounts of homogentisic acid in the urine? a. Homocystinuria b. Tyrosyluria c. Alkaptonuria d. PKU | c. Alkaptonuria |
| All of the following disorders are caused by defects in the phenylalanine-tyrosine pathway except: a. alkaptonuria b. PKU c. Hartnup's disease d. tyrosyluria | c. Hartnup's disease |
| Initial screening for PKU performed on newborns before their discharge from the hospital uses a blood sample rather than a urine sample because: a. increased serum phenylalanine can be detected earlier b. serum bilirubin levels are routinely measured on all newborns c. it is easier to measure phenylalanine than phenylpyruvic acid d. urine samples are more difficult to collect | a. increased serum phenylalanine can be detected earlier |
| A routine urinalysis is performed on a specimen that has turned dark after standing in the laboratory. The urine is acidic and has negative chemical tests except for the appearance of a red color on the ketone area of the reagent strip. One should suspect: a. melanuria b. alkaptonuria c. diabetic ketosis d. PKU | a. melanuria |
| In a positive Guthrie test: a. bacterial growth occurs around the positive control disc but not around the patient disc b. no bacterial growth occurs around either disc c. bacterial growth occurs around the positive control disc and the patient disc d. bacterial growth occurs only around the negative control disc | c. bacterial growth occurs around the positive control disc and the patient disc |
| A positive Clinitest reaction is seen in patients with: a. cystinuria b. melanuria c. alkaptonuria d. tyrosyluria | c. alkaptonuria |
| Urine with an odor of "sweaty feet" and a positive ketone test indicates: a. organic acidemia b. cystinuria c. tyrosyluria d. alkaptonuria | a. organic acidemia |
| The presence of maple syrup urine disease is first suspected by the presence of abnormal urine: a. color b. protein c. amino acids d. odor | d. odor |
| The presence of argentaffin cell tumors can be detected by the presence in the urine of: a. melanin b. homogentisic acid c. 5-HIAA d. serotonin | c. 5-HIAA |
| Porphyrins are intermediary compounds in the formation of: a. bilirubin b. heme c. amino acids d. serotonin | b. heme |
| The concept of vampires is associated with: a. cystinosis b. Sanfilippo syndrome c. porphyrias d. Hunter syndrome | c. porphyrias |
| The presence of "orange sand" in an infant's diaper is indicative of: a. maple syrup urine disease b. bilirubinuria c. cystinuria d. Lesch-Nyhan disease | d. Lesch-Nyhan disease |
| State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: Many uric acid crystals are reported in the urine of a 15-year-old boy with an unremarkable medical history, except for previous episodes of renal calculi. a. notify the health-care provider b. report possible Lesch-Nyhan disease c. check for specimen mix-up d. check for possible cystine crystals | d. check for possible cystine crystals |
| Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: Phenylketonuria a. sweet b. mousy c. sweaty feet d. sulfur | b. mousy |
| Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: Isovaleric academia a. sweaty feet b. sulfur c. aromatic d. mousy | a. sweaty feet |
| A 13 year-old boy is awakened with severe back and abdominal pain and is taken to the emergency room by his parents. A complete blood count is normal. Family history shows that both his father and uncle are chronic kidney stone formers. Results of the urinalysis are as follows: COLOR-Yellow APPEARANCE: hazy KETONES: negative BLOOD: moderate Sp Gravity: 1.025 BILIRUBIN: negative pH: 6.0 UROBILINOGEN: Normal PROTEIN: negative NITRITE: negative GLUCOSE: negative LEUKOCYTE: negative MICROSCOPIC: >15-20 rbc/hpf 0-3 WBCs/hpf Few squamous epithelial cells Many cystine crystals. What is the significance of the family history a. The family members could have been exposed to the same substances b. The family has the same diet c. Formation of kidney stones is the family could indicate an inherited condition | c. Formation of kidney stones in the family could indicate an inherited condition |
| T/F Persons diagnosed with PKU should avoid foods containing aspartame. | True |
| The most common cause of end-stage renal disease is: a. acute glomerulonephritis b. diabetic nephropathy c. minimal change disease d. Alport syndrome | b. diabetic nephropathy |
| Which of the following renal disorders may be inherited? a. Nephrotic syndrome b. Acute interstitial nephritis c. Acute tubular necrosis d. Fanconi's syndrome | d. Fanconi's syndrome |
| The finding of bacterial casts is associated with: a. acute pyelonephritis b. acute interstitial nephritis c. chronic pyelonephritis d. both A and C | d. both A and C |
| Which of the following disorders results in the accumulation of large amounts of homogentisic acid in the urine? a. Alkaptonuria b. Tyrosyluria c. PKU d. Homocystinuria | a. Alkaptonuria |
| Damage to the glomerulus can occur as a result of all of the following except: a. increased filtration of electrolytes b. deposition of immune complexes c. deposition of amyloid materials d. cellular infiltration | a. increased filtration of electrolytes |
| Cystitis can be differentiated from pyelonephritis by: a. performing a cystoscopy b. the presence of white blood cell casts c. performing blood cultures d. the presence of bacteriuria | b. the presence of WBC casts |
| Urine with an odor of "sweaty feet" and a positive ketone test is indicates: a. cystinuria b. alkaptonuria c. organic acidemia d. tyrosyluria | c. organic acidemia |
| The presence of tyrosine and leucine crystals in the urine is associated with: a. alkaptonuria b. mental retardation c. PKU d. severe liver disease | d. severe liver disease |
| Glucosuria and generalized amino aciduria are characteristics of: a. Fanconi's syndrome b. nephrotic syndrome c. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis d. diabetes mellitus | a. Fanconi's syndrome |
| Lesch-Nyhan disease is an inherited disorder which a. is a disorder of purine metabolism b. results in the massive excretion or uric acid crystals c. patients suffer from mental retardation, severe motor defects, and gout d. all of the above | c. patients suffer from mental retardation, severe motor defects, and gout |
| Phenylketonuria) is caused by: a. excessive ingestion of milk products containing phenylalanine b. inability to metabolize tyrosine c. lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase d. a mousy odor in the urine | c. lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase |
| Damage to the glomerulus can occur as a result of all of the following except: a. increased filtration of electrolytes b. deposition of immune complexes c. deposition of amyloid materials d. cellular infiltration | a. increased filtration of eletrolytes |
| In which of the following disorders would waxy and broad casts be most likely to be seen?` a. Chronic pyelonephritis b. Acute renal failure c. Chronic renal failure d. Acute interstitial nephritis | b. Chronic renal failure |
| Confirmation of maple syrup urine disease is made on the basis of: a. urine color b. a positive 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine test c. a positive ferric chloride test d. amino acid chromatography | d. amino acid chromatography |
| A routine urinalysis is performed on a specimen that has turned dark after standing in the laboratory. The urine is acidic and has negative chemical tests except for the appearance of a red color on the ketone area of the reagent strip. One should suspect: a. PKU b. diabetic ketosis c. alkaptonuria d. melanuria | d. melanuria |
| A 13 year-old boy is awakened with severe back and abdominal pain and is taken to the emergency room by his parents. A complete blood count is normal. Family history shows that both his father and uncle are chronic kidney stone formers. Results of the urinalysis are as follows: COLOR-Yellow APPEARANCE: hazy KETONES: negative BLOOD: moderate Sp Gravity: 1.025 BILIRUBIN: negative pH: 6.0 UROBILINOGEN: Normal PROTEIN: negative NITRITE: negative GLUCOSE: negative LEUKOCYTE: negative MICROSCOPIC: >15-20 rbc/hpf 0-3 WBCs/hpf Few squamous epithelial cells Many cystine crystals. What is the significance of the family history What conditions does the patient's symptoms represent. | c. Formation of kidney stones is the family could indicate an inherited condition c. Cystinuria |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.